A planning methodology for intelligent urban transportation systems

Recent developments in intelligent transportation systems pose new challenges and opportunities for urban transportation planning. To meet these challenges and to exploit these opportunities, a framework for a new transportation planning methodology has been developed. The methodology operates in a computer environment, called PLANiTS (Planning and Analysis Integration for Intelligent Transportation Systems), designed to facilitate the entire planning process form problem identification, through idea generation and analysis, on to prioritization and programming. To assist in problem identification, PLANiTS provides graphic representation of current conditions, including traffic, air pollution, accidents, and projections of future conditions. A computerized knowledge base, containing information about possible strategies and their effects, and a model base, containing transportation and other analysis models, are used to guide the user in identifying potentially effective strategies and performing the appropriate analysis. To facilitate the use of these tools, PLANiTS provides computer support of group processes such as brainstorming, deliberation, and consensus seeking. PLANiTS is designed for use in urban transportation planning at the local, regional, and state levels; it is intended to support a variety of participants in the planning process including transportation professionals, decision makers in transportation agencies (often local elected officials), citizens, and interest groups. Recognizing that transportation planning is essentially a deliberative, political process, PLANiTS is designed to inform and facilitate, but not replace, the political decision-making process.     

采埃孚——被评选为桥和变速器领域的最佳品牌,在ETM读者的评选中获得两项第一

德国商用车方面的专业出版商欧洲运输媒体(ETM)在《Trans Aktuell》、《Lastauto》和《Fernfaher》三本商用期刊中组织了一次年度最佳品牌的调查．采埃孚公司在桥系统和变速器两组产品中被8,300多名读者评选为最佳品牌。在全部的15种产品中．这些商     

ZF自动变速箱及转向机武装海格客车

当苏州金龙海格大巴在多哈赢得一致好评的时候,我们有必要关注一下为此次大巴供应自动变速箱的ZF(苏州)有限公司. ZF(苏州)公司和苏州金龙公司长期以来存在着良好的合作关系,当知道ZF的自动变速箱6HP502C和动力转向机ZF8095被选中为多哈亚运会服务时,ZF(苏州)公司全力积极配合,从一开始的技术问卷表到最终的技术协议签订,过程非常顺利;而ZF德国公司得知此次项目是为多哈亚运会服务是也积极配合,仅交货一项就节省了近1个月的时间.到苏州金龙将大巴生产出来后,ZF(苏州)公司更是派专人成天候在苏州金龙公司做大巴交车前的安装检查,以杜绝不符合ZF产品安装要求的大巴车交付最终用户,这从另一方面促成了海格大巴实现零故障的良好运行.     

北国上演“冰雪季节”全能运动——赛欧雪地试驾

在启用雪地模式后,车的加速变得很“肉”,没有了普通模式下往前窜的感觉了,而是稳稳地,慢慢地前进。哪怕你大脚油门,车子也不会突然加速,而是慢慢将速度调起来。     

Assessing urban sidewalk networks based on three constructs: a synthesis of pedestrian level of service literature

ABSTRACT

Pedestrian Level of Service (PLOS) models are widely used to assess walking facilities. These models have been in existence since the 1970s, wherein the process broadly consists of three steps, i.e. attribute selection, model calibration, and classification of model results into service-level categories, based on Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs). This paper reviews existing sidewalk PLOS studies based on their association with the three constructs of flow characteristics, built environment and users’ perception, which in combination represents the entire walking environment spectrum, as has been indicated by existing researchers. Forty-seven PLOS studies, along with eight review papers, written by authors from the Americas, Europe, Asia and Australia, between the years of 1971 and 2019, are analysed in this review. The review finds that although 49% of the studies employed both qualitative and quantitative data for their respective methodologies, but none of them use all the three broad constructs in a combined fashion. Also, in selecting the attributes to be used for developing the PLOS, these studies have only referred to previous literature available at that point in time, and not employed any consistent and robust method in selecting context-specific attributes. When it came to the preferred analysis technique, 60% of the studies favoured the use of the regression technique while calibrating their model, whereas 22% used a points-based marking scheme. Finally, 89% of the studies manually classifies the PLOS model results to respective service levels (i.e. letter grades), as opposed to utilising a classification algorithm. In addition, this review could identify only one paper that describes a PLOS based on pedestrian route directness, which is a measure of pedestrian network connectivity. In view of these findings, the review paper suggests the need of a robust methodology in selection of attributes and the use of innovative modelling techniques, both of which could allow the utilisation of all three constructs. Also, such advanced modelling techniques could bypass the need for categorising service levels manually. Finally, the study advocates the use of network connectivity measures in developing sidewalk PLOS, as it is an important part of the built environment.