单细胞凝胶电泳技术检测小鼠成纤维细胞DNA的氧化损伤及修复

目的观察小鼠成纤维细胞由过氧化氢(H2O2)引起的DNA损伤及其修复,并详细介绍单细胞凝胶电泳技术。方法培养NIH3T3细胞,H2O2造成细胞氧化损伤,单细胞凝胶电泳技术(SCGE,Comet Assay)检测细胞DNA的损伤情况。结果①建立了H2O2致NIH3T3细胞DNA损伤的分级图谱;②H2O2引起的小鼠成纤维细胞DNA单链断裂与H2O2的浓度呈依赖性关系;③细胞在除去H2O2后15 min已出现明显修复,多数修复可在1 h内完成,但少数修复可能需要较长时间才能完成。结论单细胞凝胶电泳技术是一种简便、敏感的检测DNA氧化损伤的方法。     

Collapse strength of hatch cover of bulk carrier subjected to lateral pressure load

A series of elastoplastic large deflection FEM analyses has been performed on hatch covers of bulk carriers subjected to lateral load. Two types of hatch covers are considered which are the folding type and the side-sliding type. For the folding-type cover, one size is considered which is for Handy size bulk carrier, whilst for the side-sliding-type cover, two sizes are considered which are for Panamax and Cape size bulk carriers. For each type, two hatch covers are selected which are designed in accordance with the old ICLL rule and new IACS rule, respectively. Calculated collapse strengths are compared with individual design loads, and a strength assessment is performed. On the basis of collapse behaviour observed in FEM analyses, a simple method is proposed to evaluate the collapse strength of a hatch cover subjected to lateral load. It is confirmed that the collapse strength is accurately predicted by the proposed method.     

碎石基层的塑性变形对混凝土路面力学行为的影响

在这项研究中,通过与旋转硬化概念的结合来修正基于广义SMP准则的原始改良Cam-Clay模型,模拟在水泥混凝土板下碎石基层的塑性变形的发展,称之为旋转硬化Cam-Clay模型.模型通过预测塑性变形累计曲线和对碎石基层循环加载的三轴压缩试验得到的试验值相比较来确认.模型成功地预测了试件塑性变形的发展,塑性变形在一开始时迅速增长,此后增长的速率减小.该模型与三维有限元模型 (3DFEM)结合,在足尺试验路面上进行模拟试验.试验发现,水泥混凝土路面的弯沉值随着荷载重复次数的增加而增加,表明在水泥混凝土板下由于基层的塑性变形而产生了缝隙.通过引入等效荷载次数的概念来模拟在合理的计算时间内施加大量循环荷载的塑性回应.模拟结果和试验数据比较表明该概念是有效的.此外,调查了由于基层缝隙而引起的水泥混凝土路面的力学响应(变形,压力以及弯沉).     

CO2 ocean sequestration by moving ships

Ocean sequestration of the CO₂ captured from fossil-fuel burning is a possible option to mitigate the increase in CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere. It can isolate huge amounts of CO₂ from the atmosphere for a long time at relatively low cost, if it is acceptable from the viewpoint of the environmental impact on the ocean. The concept of CO₂ dispersion in the ocean depths by ships is a promising method for efficient dilution. That is, liquefied CO₂ is delivered to the site and injected into the ocean at depths of 1000–2500 m with a suspended pipe towed by a slowly moving ship. In addition to the horizontal movement of the release point, the vertical journey of CO₂ droplets until they disappear by dissolution is effective for the dilution of CO₂ in seawater. In this paper, the possibility of the generation of relatively large-sized droplets from a moving nozzle is investigated experimentally. In addition, the terminal velocity of CO₂ droplets in deep-sea circumstances is measured in a large high-pressure tank to investigate the influence of the hydrate film formed on the surface of the droplet. Finally, it is shown by simulation that an initial dilution ratio of one to some ten thousandths is possible on a realistic engineering scale in the moving ship type of CO₂ ocean sequestration. Received: August 7, 2001 / Accepted: September 13, 2001     

Analysis of the accident of the MVNakhodka. Part 2. Estimation of structural strength

In the early morning of January 2, 1997, a Russian tanker, the MVNakhodka, broke in two in the Sea of Japan. The fore part of the vessel drifted and was stranded on the coast of Japan, and the aft part sank. The coast of Japan was seriously polluted by spilled heavy oil. Following this disaster, the Japanese Government established a Committee for the Investigation of the Causes of the Casualty of theNakhodka. This paper deals with the structural strength of MVNakhodka at the time of the accident. First the structural characteristics of theNakhodka are described, and the reduction in thickness of the structural members are estimated based on the data measured on the fore part of the vessel which drifted ashose. Then the ultimate longitudinal strength of the hull girder at the time of the accident is evaluated by applying Smith's method, and the possibility of break-up collapse due to excess loads is discussed. The mechanism of fracture at the bottom plate is also discussed based on the observed fracture surfuce of the cross section. Finally an FEM (finite element method) simulation of the break-up of the hull girder is performed. It is shown that buckling/plastic collapse took place at the deck plate near Fr.153, which was followed by the successive buckling collapse of the side shell plate of the hull girder. Right after the collapse of the deck structure, the bottom plate fractured just in front of the transverse bulkhead at Fr.153. This article is based on an article that appeared in Japanese in the Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan, vol. 183 (1998).     

Study of a simple sensor for stress history measurements of a structural member using a piezoelectric element

This paper describes a stress sensor using a piezoelectric element which was developed to monitor features of the stress history of a structural member. The sensor is 90 mm long, 60 mm wide, and 25 mm thick. A stress-level meter can turn on and off different colored light-emitting diodes (LED) according to the changes in a stress level. A stress-level cross counter can display the number of cycles which exceeds a specified stress level during a monitoring period. The sensor is bonded onto a structural member using an adhesive agent. In order to see the performance of the prototype sensor, experiments were carried out using a fatigue-testing machine. The sensor was bonded onto a smooth specimen and multiple repeated stresses were applied to that specimen. There were three main findings. (1) The sensor can operate under a stress range from −150 MPa to 150 MPa, and a frequency from 0.05 Hz to 5 Hz. (2) The stress-level meter can turn the lights of the LED on and off accurately under any stress amplitude and frequency. (3) When the stress frequency is 1 Hz or less, the stress-level cross counter can count accurately the number of cycles which exceed the predetermined stress levels. Received: February 25, 2000 / Accepted: April 11, 2000     

散货船隔舱重载下极限强度简易计算方法研究

散货船在装载矿石等重货时,通常只装载在奇数货舱内,这就是所谓的隔舱重载工况。在这种工况下,中间舱的双层底结构除受到总纵弯曲作用外,还会受到邻舱重货引起的局部弯曲作用,而且该局部弯曲的作用会降低中拱状态下船体梁的极限强度。文章提出了一种简易计算方法,顶边舱结构和底边舱结构可以看作两根梁,双层底结构可视作正交异性板,运用双梁理论和正交异性板理论可推导出局部弯曲的影响。然后,考虑该局部弯曲的作用,用Smith法计算船体梁的极限强度。最后,将文中方法计算的结果与FEM结果进行比较,并对结果进行了分析。     

Elastic local buckling strength of stiffened plate considering plate/stiffener interaction and welding residual stress

An analytical formula for estimating elastic local buckling strength of a continuous stiffened plate subjected to biaxial thrust is derived considering the influence of plate/stiffener interaction and welding residual stresses. Through a comparison of calculated results with those by FEM eigenvalue analysis, high accuracy of the proposed formula is demonstrated. A series of buckling strength analyses is performed on the deck and bottom plating of actual ships. It has been found that:

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