关于完善铁路罐车车型编码规则的意见

指出我国现行铁路罐车车型编码规则使用中存在的问题，介绍了美国ＡＡＲ罐车规范中罐车的分类方法，就完善我国铁路罐车车型编码规则提出了意见和建议。     

Computerized three-dimensional design system for rectangular tile coating on hull surface

1Introduction Thehullsurfaceofaship,becauseitisanundevelop ablecurvedsurfaceandpossessesspecialdemands,needstobecoatedwithrectangularflexibletiles.A limitedgapispermittedbetweenthetiles,butthetiles mustcompletelycoverthehullsurface.Intheory,be causeofthec…     

Synthesis of a new chitosan derivative and assay of Escherichia coli adsorption

A new chitosan derivative is prepared using chitosan.Ethyl chlorocarbonate was first introduced to the hydroxyl group of phthaloylchitosan through a nucleophilic reaction.Hydrazine was then added to recover the amino groups of chitosan and promote cross-l     

THE COLONIC TRANSIT TEST IN THE ASSESSMENT OF CHRONIC CONSTIPATION

In order to assess colonic motility of chronic constipation, colonic transit test was carried out in 34 patients with chronic constipation and in 20 healthy subjects. 20 radiopaque markers are ingested at 8 am before the day test, and plain abdominal films were obtained at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. The normal value of colonic transit test was 16(80%), or more markers passed after 72 h. By means of transit time study, 34 constipated patients were classified into 2 groups: 12 normal transit patients and 22 slow transit patients. There was no difference in colonic transit time between normal transit patients and controls (P＞0.05). Patients with slow transit had more markers left in right colon, left colon and rectosigmoid colon at 48 h (P＜0.01, respectively) and 72 h (P＜0.01, respectively). According to the transit index, 22 slow transit patients were divided into 3 types: 10 cases colonic stasis, 8 cases outlet obstruction and 4 cases colorectal stasis. The study suggests that chronic constipated patients have abnormalbilities of colonic transit.     

核电站输送口重浇无裂缝的砼墙

核电站反应堆的蒸汽发生器是要更换的，由于不可能通过反应堆外壳的大门。把蒸汽发生器运出来，只好在防护外壳的墙上开个洞。如果重新浇筑封口墙砼而无任何养护措施的话，那么在新浇砼冷却时，沿着施工缝就会产生裂缝。本文介绍国外采用的一种新技术顺利地解决了这个问题。     

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提出了一种应用于智能交通监控系统的运动目标识别和跟踪方法。针对帧间差分提取运动目标的缺陷与不足,提出了一种基于冗余小波变换的运动目标识别算法,即直接在冗余小波变换域提取运动区域,从而检测出运动目标。对于检测出来的运动目标,本文对mean-shift算法进行了改进,采用自适应mean-shift算法,对目标进行跟踪。实验结果表明,本文提出的算法可以有效地提取运动目标,即使目标与背景具有较高的相似度,也可以较准确的提取出前景运动信息,效果要好于传统的帧差法;跟踪目标准确度高,不受目标大小变化的影响。本算法具较高的实用价值和应用前景。     

Great Revolution in Maritime Transportation: Discussion on Preliminary Work and Operation Plan of Bridge/Tunnel Projects for Vacuum HTS Maglev Train at High Speed（畅想海上交通运输建设的伟大革命——真空高温超导磁浮高速列车桥隧工程前期工作与运行方案探讨）

The improvement in the operation speed of the transportation project means the progress and development of the construction technologies in transportation projects. In this paper, the following factors restricting the further improving of the speed of high speed railway are analyzed: as the operation speed increases, the trains in the dense atmosphere are subject to the wind induced resistance and various resistances caused by the friction between the wheels and the rails and by the irregularity of tracks, and the noise will also increase with a high power. Therefore, the economy and safety issues involved in the operation have become the main factors restricting the further improving of the speed of high speed railway. A scheme of vacuum pipelines of underwater vacuum tunnel and/or subwater bridge is proposed in this paper: the pipelines and cars are sealed and vacuated to form the quasi vacuum. The transportation system of the vacuum maglev train at ultrahigh speed with the HTS maglev technology can achieve the operation speed more than 4 times that of the existing HSR train (about 1 200 km/h). Key technologies for constructing the vacuum maglev tunnels/subwater bridges in respect of construction plans, vacuating and sealing, as well as maglev trains are introduced in this paper. The subjects to be further studied on the vacuum HTS maglev tunnels (pipelines) are analyzed from the aspects of technology, management, construction costs, operation expenses, candidate project, airtight materials for cars and evacuation in case of emergencies. It is recommended that "cross sea maglev train in vacuum tunnel" should be developed in the eco tourism project between the coastal cities and their neighboring islands and a series of necessary technical tests should be conducted during the trial operation, so as to obtain related experience. Based on the experience and lessons learned, the transportation system at ultrahigh speed may be implemented for strait crossing projects in China. Finally, a brief introduction to the research on HSR trains at ultrahigh speed in countries such as China, the United States and the Netherlands is presented in this paper. The development of vacuum pipeline transportation can drive the development of China′s transportation modes in a faster, safer and more energy efficient manner, facilitating the development of the fifth generation of transportation industry and its driving role in the social and economic development, and promoting the integration and progress of the economy of China or even the world at a higher speed.     

采用分析先导的设计方法开发新型13L重型柴油机

介绍了一种主要应用于中国重型货车市场的新型13L重型柴油机的设计开发。提供了使柴油机适用于中国市场运行的专有特性信息,详细描述了所用的设计技术。为了满足这些苛刻的要求,广泛应用了分析先导的设计方法,这一方法允许先对组件、子系统和整个发动机、后处理和车辆系统进行模拟,然后进行样机硬件设计。这样可以得到以前所不能达到的系统和子系统级的优化程度。描述了针对中国的排放策略以及对新型柴油机的实体设计策略,并提供了一些柴油机性能耐久性的细节。讨论了柴油机的构造,详细分析了机体、气缸盖及其密封、气缸和轴承等主要零部件。重点对气缸盖、机体和气缸盖衬垫进行分析,以保证在很高的缸内压力下密封的可靠性。讨论了在很高的缸内压力下工作的灰铸铁气缸盖的设计。同时也给出了轴承系统在不同润滑和运行条件下的优化和可靠性设计。对燃烧室的热流量进行估算,并根据估算结果对所采取的措施作了说明。