Theoretical Formula for Calculating Negative Skin Friction of Pile in Layered Soil and Its Application

Based on Zeevaert's method, a theoretical formula was developed to calculate the negative skin friction of pile in layered soil. For practical purpose,a cut-and-try method was proposed to determine neutral point. Case studies indicate that the total calculated negative skin friction was in agreement with the measured one, which verifies the feasibility and practicability of theoretical formula. Furthermore, the methods for calculating efficiency factor of drag load and settlement were also given.     

改善车辆运行平稳性的几个措施

介绍了现行客车车辆运行平稳性的评定标准，分析了影响车辆运行平稳性的原因等。通过分析，结合现场检修的体会，提出了改善车辆运行平稳性的几个措施。