Rail vehicles,environment, safety and security

This paper starts with a discussion on typical vehicles. The concepts and the usual practice for rail wagon design, both freight and passengers are presented. A discussion on rail and the environment comes next followed by Truck-Trains. Accident theories, metaphors and investigation methods are widely discussed; Hazard – Barrier – Target Model, Swiss Cheese Model, Bow-Tie Model, Fault Tree Analysis and Event Tree Analysis are explained. This paper concludes with a technical discussion on safety and security of rail vehicles, standards for safety and measures against terrorist attacks.     

美国铁路发展政策中的政府作用

在美国铁路的发展过程中,政府通过独特的参与手段确保铁路的发展。在全国性货运线路政策上,政府放松了对铁路的经济管制,充分发挥政府监管作用。在地方和地区性货运线路政策上,政府制定政策以确保路网的连续性。在通勤铁路政策方面,政府利用标准铁路线路建立通勤铁路系统。在城际客运铁路政策方面,通过立法成立全国铁路客运公司(Amtrak),并获得非常有限的政府资助,政府支持城际客运铁路业务的作用仍需加强。