Rail vehicles,environment, safety and security

This paper starts with a discussion on typical vehicles. The concepts and the usual practice for rail wagon design, both freight and passengers are presented. A discussion on rail and the environment comes next followed by Truck-Trains. Accident theories, metaphors and investigation methods are widely discussed; Hazard – Barrier – Target Model, Swiss Cheese Model, Bow-Tie Model, Fault Tree Analysis and Event Tree Analysis are explained. This paper concludes with a technical discussion on safety and security of rail vehicles, standards for safety and measures against terrorist attacks.     

平面交叉口事故预测及突出事故形态鉴别

应用神经网络技术建立了基于三层感知机的平面交叉口事故预测模型,该模型的特点是可预测出具体事故形态的事故数.模型检验结果表明,预测精度达到了89%.在得到分事故形态的事故数预测结果后,基于"突出性"原理建立了一种鉴别事故多发形态的方法.     

长江内河运输船舶事故的探讨

随着长江航运经济的迅猛发展,长江内河个体运输船舶队伍不断壮大,船舶的交通事故频频发生。预防船舶事故,确保人命、财产的安全,防止长江水域污染,是各级政府和海事管理机构的工作重点。文章探讨了引发长江内河运输船舶事故的原因,提出安全管理的对策和建议。     

A meta-analysis of Western European external costs estimates

This paper analyses the external transport cost estimates that have been found in various European studies. These estimates seem at first glance to be highly dispersed, a fact which raises questions about their reliability. The article offers a list of the possible reasons for discrepancies between the various studies; differences in the specific situations studied, in the type of cost calculated, in the physical laws relating to emissions, in the measurement of values of external costs. It assesses the relative magnitude of each of these causes through a meta-analysis. It turns out that the main differences come from the specificity of the situation under review and the type of cost calculated. In comparison, differences in the laws and in the values methods have a lower importance. The conclusion is that the estimates of external costs are reliable for decision-making policies.     

Safety-oriented bicycling and traffic accident involvement

Many U.S. bicyclists are killed or injured in traffic accidents annually. Based on analysis of available research and published reports on traffic accidents, it was theorized that adherence to six safety-oriented on-road bicycling practices will reduce involvement in traffic accidents. This study investigated whether adherence to these safety-oriented bicycling practices is associated with reduced involvement in traffic accidents. U.S. adult bicycle riders responded to an anonymous on-line survey covering bicycling practices, recent traffic accident experiences, and potential confounding variables. Participants were recruited via on-line announcements to bicycling-related organizations. The results suggested that neither vigilance nor cautiousness will protect adult bicycle riders from traffic accident involvement, but predictability might reduce accident risk, particularly for younger adults. Results should be interpreted cautiously due to limitations in the study methodology. Further research of this type is warranted.This paper is a re-formulation of research originally presented as a conference paper and oral presentation at the International Cycling Safety Conference in Bologna, Italy, 3–4 November 2016.     

道路交通事故车速分析的探讨

速度是诱发道路交通事故的重要因素,为保证道路行车安全,车速控制非常必要。通过对行车速度与道路安全的关系进行探讨,分析了速度对事故的影响机理,重点强调了车速分布的离散性对事故的影响,并建立了车速模型,对车辆运行中如何控制车速提出了建议。     

Road traffic conditions in Kenya: Exploring the policies and traffic cultures from unstructured user-generated data using NLP

Road traffic accidents (RTA) are a prevalent cause of fatality with African countries having the highest fatality index (25–34 per quota). The World Health Organization estimates Kenya's fatality rate due to RTA at 28 per quota. From literature, the country's fatality and injuries have increased by 26% and 46.5%, respectively, since the year 2015. The country is faced with incomplete RTA data capturing, hindering effective planning and policy adjustments to curb the menace. In this paper, we scrapped user-generated data (Twitter) and national transport and safety authority's (NTSA) reports to shed light on traffic safety, practices, and cultures in the country. To this end, we gathered 1,000,000 tweets and 8000 speeding entries between 2015 and 2021 and performed natural language processing (NLP) and quantitative study of the data. We applied NLP and n-gram search of keywords to categorize data into 8 topics: traffic, public service vehicle (PSVs), policing, accident, infrastructure, recklessness, robbery, and corruption. From the data, policing, which touches on all police and law-enforcement-related activity was found to be highly correlated with PSVs, recklessness, accidents, traffic congestion, robbery, infrastructure, and corruption with indices of r(76) = 0.92, 0. 91, 0.87, 0.82, 0.81, 0.76, and 0.70, respectively with p < 0.001. The topic modeling confirmed the identified topics to be the latent discussion issues affecting the public. From the study, PSVs, policing and traffic flow were isolated as key issues that ought to be addressed immediately. The research recommended the integration of driver monitoring systems to strengthen policing. The research, which utilized unstructured data, points to the utility of data mining which would greatly benefit traffic research, particularly African-based studies, that suffer from data inadequacy.     

水上交通事故快速调查处理程序构析

水上交通事故调查处理历来是海事机构一项重要的基础性工作,构建一项能够快速、便捷、规范地完成简单、轻微事故的调查处理工作的程序是配合海事执法模式改革再造工作流程和提高工作效率的要求。本文对水上交通事故快速调查处理程序从构建目的、适用范围、工作流程、相关问题等方面作了初步探索和构想。     

浅议高速公路交通事故的产生原因与预防对策

我国高速公路网络迅速形成,高速公路以其方便、快捷的优势在国民经济领域发挥了重要的作用,与此同时,高速公路运输过程中容易产生重大、恶性安全事故,给人民的生命财产造成了严重危害。因此,深入分析高速公路交通安全事故原因,探讨其内在的规律,采取有效措施,预防高速公路交通事故、提高高速公路行车安全具有及其重要意义。