SMA13沥青混合料老化性能研究

利用英国进口的多功能气动沥青材料试验机Cooper NU-14测定了SMA13沥青混合料未经老化、短期老化后和长期老化后马歇尔试件的动态间接拉伸试验参数,分析了影响SMA13沥青混合料抗老化性能的相关因素,并将之与AC13沥青混合料的抗老化性能进行了比较.结果表明,短期老化是沥青混合料老化的主要阶段,沥青膜厚度、矿料级配组成和空隙率对沥青混合料的老化性能有重要影响.     

道路沥青老化过程中组成与分子量分布的变化

利用模拟老化方法在0-250h和60℃、100℃、130℃条件下分别考察了国产道路沥青老化过程中组成与分子量分布的变化。测试结果表明，低温短期老化时沥青的质量增加，平均分子量增加；高温老化时沥青的质量减少，沥青中胶质向沥青质转化，具这种变化符合宏观一级反应动力学规律，平均分子量与分散度显著增加。利用制备型色谱柱不仅能给出分子量分布参数，而且能够给出精细、直观和分子量分布变化曲线。     

Age related annual crash incidence rate ratios in professional drivers of heavy goods vehicles

ObjectivesEvidence concerning crash risk for older heavy vehicle drivers is sparse, making it difficult to assess if it is prudent to encourage older drivers to remain in the workforce in a climate of labour shortages. The objective of this study was to estimate annual crash rate ratios of older male heavy vehicle drivers relative to their middle aged peers.MethodsData utilized in this study includes all crashes meeting inclusion criteria involving heavy goods vehicles, categorised as rigid trucks and articulated trucks; this data was recorded by the New South Wales Roads and Traffic Authority. The exposure to the risk of a crash was represented by distance travelled for each vehicle type and year, by age of driver, as estimated by the Australian Survey of Motor Vehicle Use. Negative binomial regression modelling was applied to estimate annual crash incidence rate ratios for male drivers in various age groups.ResultsA total of 26,146 crashes occurred in New South Wales during 1999–2006, involving a total of 54,191 vehicles; removing observations that did not meet the inclusion criteria, 19,736 observations remained representing 12,501 crashes. For rigid trucks, the incidence rate ratio for drivers aged 65+ years, compared to 45–54 year olds, was 0.74 (95% CI 0.51, 0.98). For articulated trucks, the annual crash incidence rate ratio for drivers aged 65+ years compared to 45–54 year olds was 1.4 (95% CI 0.96, 1.9), and that for drivers aged 55–64 years compared to 45–54 year olds was 1.1 (95% CI 0.83, 1.3).ConclusionsOlder male professional drivers of heavy goods vehicles have lower risk of crashes in rigid vehicles, possibly due to accrued driving experience and self-selection of healthy individuals remaining in the workforce. Thus, encouraging these drivers to remain in the workforce is appropriate in the climate of labour shortages, as this study provides evidence that to do so would not endanger road safety.     

摩托车铝合金车轮热处理设备概述

摩托车铝合金车轮热处理的炉型多种多样,目前国内使用最多的是立式淬火炉及辊棒式固溶和时效炉生产线,本文针对2种热处理设备进行详细介绍。     

Effects of adhesive type on the mechanical properties of adhesive joints between polyurethane top coats and polyurethane-based adhesives after accelerated atmospheric ageing

The performance of a sealed stainless steel bracket system, adhesively bonded with two polyurethane-based adhesives (flexible adhesive, stiff adhesive) onto a marine polyurethane top coat, is investigated. The investigated joint connections on the coatings exhibited a high mechanical stability even after accelerated ageing (salt spray exposure, cyclic temperature variations, high relative humidity). The aged joints retained up to 81% of their tensile strength and up to 92% of their lap-shear strength. The torsional rigidity of the adhesive joint exceeded the required clamping torque of the designed bolt. A cyclical lifetime of >9·10⁶ load cycles was estimated. Effects of cyclic ageing on the creep performance of the adhesive joint were found to be insignificant. Under tensile loads, the joints with stiff adhesive material exhibited a linear-elastic performance without the capability to deform prior to failure. The joints with the flexible adhesive material, in contrast, exhibited a behavior typically for ductile materials featuring a pronounced yield plateau prior to failure. Failure loads were higher, and displacement was notably lower, for the joints with stiff adhesive material. All joint connections met the requirements for a safety factor for the design for marine applications (11.6 for the flexible adhesive; 14.3 for the stiff adhesive). When the flexible adhesive is applied, the cohesive strength of the adhesive material is the limiting design factor. When the stiff adhesive is utilized, the load carrying capacity is higher, and the interface between priming coat and steel substrate is the limiting design area of the joints. The strength utilization of the adhesive materials depended on the particular structure of the entire joint configuration, particularly on the interface between steel substrate and the coating material. A number of assessment factors, namely stress limit factor, coating adhesion factor and safety factor, are introduced and discussed for tensile and shear loads.     

汽车涂层耐老化性能的研究

对国产汽车所用210种涂层试样进行了湿热带大气环境自然曝晒试验及人工加速老化试验。试验结果表明，金属闪光漆的耐老化性能相对较好；同种涂层中试验室特制的试样比生产线上的产品耐老化性能好；人工荧光紫外／冷凝试验仅限于对紫外线敏感的涂层材料的模拟试验。探讨了影响涂层老化性能的人为因素及人工加速老化试验的局限性，提出了一些提高汽车涂层质量的建议。     

关于健康老龄化的几点思考——以江苏省南通市为例

21世纪的中国,老龄化社会的趋势不可逆转。如何满足老年人物质文化生活多方面的需求,实现身体、精神的健康和社会功能的完美状态,促进健康老龄化,是实现社会和谐发展的长远之计,也是政府治理不可推卸的责任。