Point-to-point speed enforcement systems: Speed limits design criteria and analysis of drivers’ compliance

Point-to-point (P2P) speed enforcement is a relatively new approach to traffic law enforcement. Its technology allows vehicles whose average speed exceeds the speed limit over the controlled section to be fined. It therefore encourages compliance over distances longer than those where spot enforcement policies have been in place.In this paper, a procedure for consistently setting speed limits with such enforcement systems is proposed. Such a method has been applied to design the speed limits on two motorways in the district of Naples, Italy, where P2P enforcement systems became operational in 2009 and 2010. The speed limits, which were set using the Italian geometric design standard to assess vehicle stability and stopping sight distance, have been compared with those provided by using well-known international standards.The impact of the newly designed speed limits and of the P2P enforcement system on drivers’ speeding behaviour has been quantified for each highway section and vehicle type. In fact, accurate measurements of the average travel speeds of each vehicle crossing the enforced sections, before and after the activation of the system, were available. The migration from the old speed limits with spot speed enforcement to the new approach resulted in a notable increase in drivers’ compliance to the speed limits with a remarkable decrease in both the average of individual speeds and in their standard deviation.In addition, the analysis of 3 years of data shows that a gradual adaptation of drivers’ behaviour to the system took place. In particular, a decreasing compliance to the speed limits points to a non-optimal system management. Finally, the results of a revealed preference survey allowed us to make a behavioural interpretation regarding the significantly different impacts measured on the two motorways.     

Short-term Hourly Traffic Forecasts using Hong Kong Annual Traffic Census

The need for acquiring the current-year traffic data is a problem for transport planners since such data may not be available for on-going transport studies. A method is proposed in this paper to predict hourly traffic flows up to and into the near future, using historical data collected from the Hong Kong Annual Traffic Census (ATC). Two parametric and two non-parametric models have been employed and evaluated in this study. The results show that the non-parametric models (Non-Parametric Regression (NPR) and Gaussian Maximum Likelihood (GML)) were more promising for predicting hourly traffic flows at the selected ATC station. Further analysis encompassing 87 ATC stations revealed that the NPR is likely to react to unexpected changes more effectively than the GML method, while the GML model performs better under steady traffic flows. Taking into consideration the dynamic nature of the common traffic patterns in Hong Kong and the advantages/disadvantages of the various models, the NPR model is recommended for predicting the hourly traffic flows in that region.     

公路沥青路面设计有关问题探讨

结合普通公路路面设计的特点,对设计、管理人员普遍容易遇到的有关问题进行分析,并提出相关解决方案.     

基于换乘协同的轨道交通网列车时刻表优化模型

为最大限度方便乘客换乘,从加强换乘站列车协同接续出发,采用混合整数规划方法构建城市轨道交通网列车时刻表优化模型。充分利用城市轨道交通均匀行车条件下换乘接续列车间会产生稳定的衔接周期这一特性,提出用平均换乘等待时间简化模型变量的规模,从而提高模型的求解效率;在此基础上,建立以各线路首列车发车时刻为决策变量,以路网内所有换乘乘客总的换乘等待时间最小为目标的换乘协同列车时刻表优化模型。以北京市轨道交通网为例,对给出的优化模型进行验证。结果表明:优化后乘客的平均换乘等待时间减少约12%,全网67%换乘方向上乘客的换乘等待时间均有减少;所构建模型能够有效优化列车的运行计划,改善列车在换乘站的协同接续效果,进而提高换乘效率及服务水平,而且较以往模型在运算效率方面有大幅提高,适用于解决为方便乘客换乘的大规模城市轨道交通网的列车时刻表优化问题。     

北京市公共汽车平均车速统计分析

通过对北京市多条公共交通路线公共汽车行驶车速的实测和统计，分析了公共汽车平均车速的影响因素，研究了平均车速的三种统计计算方法，确立加权平均车速法为最佳统计计算方法。对北京市公共汽车平均车速的在不同类型道路上分布的情况和统计分布规律进行了总结，提出北京市公共汽车平均车速分布遵循对数正态概率分布规律。为公共汽车及今后电动公共汽车车辆选型，运营方式确定及运营成本分析提供了科学依据。     

Ride quality evaluation of a vehicle with a planar suspension system

The longitudinal connection between a chassis and a wheel in a conventional vehicle suspension system is commonly very stiff than the vertical connection. Such a mechanism can efficiently isolate vibrations and absorb shocks in the vertical direction but cannot sufficiently attenuate the impact in the longitudinal direction. In order to overcome such a limitation, a planar suspension system (PSS) with spring–damper struts in both the longitudinal and vertical directions is proposed so that the vibration along any direction in the wheel rotation plane can be isolated. In this paper, the dynamic responses of a vehicle with PSS due to a single bump and random road unevenness are investigated. The ride quality of the vehicle with PSS is evaluated in accordance with ISO 2631. A comparison with that of a similar conventional vehicle is conducted to demonstrate the promising potentials of the PSS in improving the vehicle ride quality.     

均值-极差法分析评价人-零件间的交互作用

给出了用均值—极差法评价人和零件间的交互作用的公式，用实例进行了分析，并与方差分析方法作了比较，结果显示两者差异不大。     

普通公路原涵加固原则与方法

对普通公路原涵加固原则与方法进行了阐述.     

灰色理论模型在软基沉降预测应用中准确性探讨

采用两组不同监测数据建立非等时距GM(1,1)模型,引入平均相对误差与灰色关联度两个指标,为精度检验分级提供更多参考依据。     

普通公路计算机收费电视监控系统的使用和管理

就如何搞好普通公路计算机收费电视监控系统的使用与管理进行了分析.