钢管桩与混凝土芯粘结力及抗弯应力传递模拟试验研究

依托深圳蛇口集装箱码头二期工程,进行了钢管桩与混凝土芯粘结力及抗弯应力传递模拟试验,对试验结果进行理论分析,讨论了不同搭接长度和不同UEA掺量对钢管桩与混凝土芯单位粘结力的影响;推导出纯弯矩作用下,混凝土芯与钢管粘结段粘结长度的计算公式。为类似工程提供方法指导和理论依据。     

采用喷风冷却工艺提高淬火钢轨性能的研究

钢轨喷风淬火工艺采用单一的冷却介质压缩空气,使淬火冷却均匀性得到提高,而且不受钢轨表面状态对淬火质量的影响,便于生产管理。由于在冷却装置中加入侧面喷风冷却,淬火硬度分布更合理,有利于提高淬火钢轨抗侧磨能力。线路铺设使用也表明,喷风淬火钢轨比喷雾淬火钢轨具有更好的抗剥离性。根据目前国内淬火线生产状况,提出调整钢轨的成分和采用喷风冷却工艺是当前迫切需要解决的问题。     

功率循环测试中衬底焊接层的可靠性

基板与陶瓷衬底之间的焊层寿命通常利用IGBT模块的被动加热和冷却(热循环)来测试,但这种试验会引起焊层失效(分层)。实际应用中,IGBT和二极管芯片是主动被加热的,诸如焊线脱落等其它模式的失效也会限制使用寿命,通常可通过功率循环试验来评估这种应力的影响。本文通过功率循环试验来评估衬底焊层的失效,利用高循环周次的测试进行有效的衬底焊层热循环试验,其关键在于功率循环过程中焊层温度的预测。在温度波动不大的条件下,比较了被动热循环和主动功率循环时对焊接寿命的影响。     

城市轨道交通车辆受电弓弓头安全宽度的计算

分析了城市轨道交通车辆在直线段和曲线段中受电弓弓头的偏移影响因素以及接触线的受风偏移现象.根据比较车辆处于直线段和曲线段时的受电弓与接触线之间相对距离来确定受电弓弓头宽度的合理安全宽度,并设计了“城市轨道交通车辆受电弓宽度参数计算软件”.     

Bus Priority Using pre-signals

The need to provide efficient public transport services in urban areas has led to the implementation of bus priority measures in many congested cities. Much interest has recently centred on priority at signal controlled junctions, including the concept of pre-signals, where traffic signals are installed at or near the end of a with-flow bus lane to provide buses with priority access to the downstream junction. Although a number of pre-signals have now been installed in the U.K., particularly in London, there has been very little published research into their design, operation and optimisation. This paper addresses these points through the development of analytical procedures which allow pre-implementation evaluation of specific categories of pre-signals. The paper initially sets out three categories of pre-signal, which have different operating characteristics, different requirements for signalling and different impacts on capacity and delay. Key issues concerning signalling arrangements for these categories are then discussed, together with a summary of the analytical approach adopted and the assumptions required. Equations are developed to allow appropriate signal timings to be calculated for pre-signalised intersections. Further equations are then developed to enable delays to priority and non-priority traffic, with and without pre-signals, to be estimated with delay being taken here as the key performance criterion. The paper concludes with three application examples illustrating how the equations are applied and the impacts of pre-signals in different situations.The analyses confirm the potential benefits of pre-signals, where these signals apply to non-priority traffic only. Where buses are also subject to a pre-signal, it is shown that disbenefits to buses can often occur, unless bus detectors are used to gain priority signalling.     

高速公路常发性交通拥挤路段实时判定与跟踪研究

提出的自动判定和实时跟踪高速公路常发性拥挤路段的方法包含3个算法：①路段平均车速算法；②交通流区段类型判定算法；③排队类型判定算法。考虑采用两个前后相邻车辆检测站之间的路段平均车速来实时判定和跟踪常发性交通拥挤路段的情况，使得模型所提供的信息更能反映路段的真实交通状况。采用路段平均车速的方法克服了目前采用点速度来跟踪车队方法的局限性，并且采用“客观”标定临界车速作为基于现场数据判定车队状态的一种方法。     

Dynamic stride length adaptation according to utility and personal space

Pedestrians adjust both speed and stride length when they navigate difficult situations such as tight corners or dense crowds. They try to avoid collisions and to preserve their personal space. State-of-the-art pedestrian motion models automatically reduce speed in dense crowds simply because there is no space where the pedestrians could go. The stride length and its correct adaptation, however, are rarely considered. This leads to artefacts that impact macroscopic observation parameters such as densities in front of bottlenecks and, through this, flow. Hence modelling stride adaptation is important to increase the predictive power of pedestrian models. To achieve this we reformulate the problem as an optimisation problem on a disk around the pedestrian. Each pedestrian seeks the position that is most attractive in a sense of balanced goals between the search for targets, the need for individual space and the need to keep a distance from obstacles. The need for space is modelled according to findings from psychology defining zones around a person that, when invaded, cause unease. The result is a fully automatic adjustment that allows calibration through meaningful social parameters and that gives visually natural results with an excellent fit to measured experimental data.     

The symmetric intersection design and traffic control optimization

It is well recognized that the left-turning movement reduces the intersection capacity significantly, because exclusive left turn phases are needed to discharge left turn vehicles only. This paper proposes the concept of Left-Hand Traffic (LHT) arterial, on where vehicles follow left-hand traffic rules as in England and India. The unconventional intersection where a LHT arterial intersects with a Right-Hand Traffic (RHT) arterial is named as symmetric intersection. It is only need three basic signal phases to separate all conflicts at symmetric intersection, while it at least need four signal phases at a conventional intersection. So, compared with the conventional intersection, the symmetric intersection can provide longer green time for the left-turning and the through movement, which can increase the capacity significantly. Through-movement waiting areas (TWAs) can be set at the symmetric intersection effectively, which can increase the capacity and short the cycle length furthermore. And the symmetric intersection is Channelized to improve the safety of TWAs. The Binary-Mixed-Integer-Linear-Programming (BMILP) model is employed to formulate the capacity maximization problem and signal cycle length minimization problem of the symmetric intersection. The BMILP model can be solved by standard branch-and-bound algorithms efficiently and outputs the lane allocation, signal timing decisions, and other decisions. Experiments analysis shows that the symmetric intersection with TWAs can increase the capacity and short the signal cycle length.     

Point-to-point speed enforcement systems: Speed limits design criteria and analysis of drivers’ compliance

Point-to-point (P2P) speed enforcement is a relatively new approach to traffic law enforcement. Its technology allows vehicles whose average speed exceeds the speed limit over the controlled section to be fined. It therefore encourages compliance over distances longer than those where spot enforcement policies have been in place.In this paper, a procedure for consistently setting speed limits with such enforcement systems is proposed. Such a method has been applied to design the speed limits on two motorways in the district of Naples, Italy, where P2P enforcement systems became operational in 2009 and 2010. The speed limits, which were set using the Italian geometric design standard to assess vehicle stability and stopping sight distance, have been compared with those provided by using well-known international standards.The impact of the newly designed speed limits and of the P2P enforcement system on drivers’ speeding behaviour has been quantified for each highway section and vehicle type. In fact, accurate measurements of the average travel speeds of each vehicle crossing the enforced sections, before and after the activation of the system, were available. The migration from the old speed limits with spot speed enforcement to the new approach resulted in a notable increase in drivers’ compliance to the speed limits with a remarkable decrease in both the average of individual speeds and in their standard deviation.In addition, the analysis of 3 years of data shows that a gradual adaptation of drivers’ behaviour to the system took place. In particular, a decreasing compliance to the speed limits points to a non-optimal system management. Finally, the results of a revealed preference survey allowed us to make a behavioural interpretation regarding the significantly different impacts measured on the two motorways.     

开敞海域中液体散货泊位长度探讨

对国内若干开敞海域码头泊位长度进行分析,又对英、美、日本及石油公司国际论坛等现行港口工程规范中开敞式码头泊位长度的确定方法进行讨论。在此基础上指出:开敞海域液体散货码头的横向约束比纵向约束更为重要;在不影响船舶约束效果的前提下,采用较大水平系缆角以及适中的缆绳长度可有效缩短泊位长度;并建议对于单个独立的开敞式液体散货泊位,其泊位长度可按1.1~1.3倍设计船长确定。