轴心受压钢构件板件宽厚比限值的分析

随着单层钢结构厂房在铁路生产房屋中的广泛应用,多数钢结构厂房柱应力水平低的现象越来越突出,造成单层钢结构厂房结构设计的经济性较差。其原因是现行《钢结构设计规范》(GB50017—2005)中受压钢构件板件的宽厚比限值与其应力水平无关,按此设计的厂房柱截面多偏大而过于保守。对轴心受压钢构件板件宽厚比限值的推导过程加以重新审视,引入应力相关折减系数,按照修正的等稳定性原则,统一分析轴心受压构件的板件宽厚比限值,并通过数据拟合,提出更加合理实用的限值公式。新的限值公式与板件的应力水平相关,与理论计算结果吻合较好。     

船舶轴系温升与轴向间隙调整

对于采用间接传动方式的船舶轴系,在柴油机曲轴止推轴承与螺旋桨推力轴承之间增加了齿轮箱和高弹性联轴器,会遇到轴向间隙分配问题,如果安装不恰当,将导致曲轴止推轴承烧熔。在安装过程中,应充分考虑因轴系运行温度升高的轴向热膨胀引起的轴向间隙变化。引起轴向间隙变化的因素有:一是柴油机和齿轮箱因运行使相应的轴存在轴向伸长;二是因轴系扭转振动使联轴器橡胶弹性元件摩擦生热的轴向伸长,二者可通过计算得到。根据计算数据来确定冷态曲轴止推轴承间隙,可保证轴系轴向轴承安全运行。     

热油管道输送含蜡原油的轴向温降计算

在含蜡原油热油管道输送工艺计算中,根据比热容随温度变化的趋势,得出3个不同温度区域内的比热容表达式,分别将其代入能量平衡方程中,推导出热油管道输送含蜡原油的轴向温降公式,将其与苏霍夫温降公式进行对比。结果表明:应用该公式能更精确的计算出热站间距、出站温度,减少不必要的损失。     

汽车制动管路螺纹紧固件的扭矩试验

螺纹紧固件扭矩测试设备是一种确定管路连接件关键特性的工具,可以获得制动管连接系统的关键信息。文章介绍了一种应用汽车管路联接扭矩测试仪分析拧紧力矩、轴向预紧力和转角之间关系的试验方法,通过试验分析和结果验证表明,该测试仪对管路连接拧紧状态的测试结果,确定新的管路连接接头和表面涂层的可靠性,该试验方法提供了保证管路连接有效性的判断依据。     

使用30°楔形防松螺纹安装扭矩的建议

为明确30°楔形防松螺纹在同样的施加扭矩下所获得的轴力。试验了30°楔形防松螺纹和普通螺纹经振动防松试验轴力的衰减情况和同扭矩下扭矩系数及轴力的比对试验。从而获得在施加相同扭矩下,30°楔形防松螺纹所获得的轴力比普通螺纹所获得的轴力低。     

FRP布约束混凝土圆柱轴心受压性能非线性有限元分析

采用非线性分析程序ABAQUS，考虑混凝土在三轴状态下的非线性行为及纤维增强材料（FRP）布对混凝土的被动式约束，对轴压下FRP布约束混凝土圆柱试件的受力行为进行分析，研究FRP布与混凝土的相互作用以及纤维含量对约束混凝土极限强度和极限应变的影响。结果表明：非线性有限元分析结果与实验结果吻合良好，非线性有限元分析可较好预测FRP布约束混凝土柱的轴心受压性能；随着FRP布层数的增加，FRP布约束混凝土的极限强度和极限应变提高，FRP布对混凝土的约束作用明显增强；FRP布对混凝土约束力主要在混凝土屈服后发挥。根据实验和有限元分析结果，得到约束混凝土极限强度和极限应变与纤维约束特征值的关系。     

A study on scantling formulae of plate members due to lateral pressure under the effect of axial loads

Existing rule scantling formulae of plate members are based on conventional plastic design theory, and do not necessarily reflect complicated plate bending phenomena under axial loads. In this study, we first formulated the effect of axial load on the fully plastic moment based on the von Mises yield criterion for longitudinally stiffened plate in addition to the well-known formula for transversely stiffened plate. In addition, we derived a theoretical formulation of the lateral pressure corresponding to 2-point hinge and 3-point hinge formation taking account of the effect of the additional lateral force due to the axial loads on the deflected plating, using a simple plate strip bending model assuming a long plate with a large aspect ratio.Then, a series of elastic-plastic FE analyses was carried out to verify the structural behavior and the effect of axial load on the plate plastic bending strength. The plate strength was evaluated based on the residual deflection criteria of two cases (0.26 mm and 4.0 mm), and the results were compared with the theoretical derivation. As a result, it was found that assumption of linear strength reduction to the axial stress can cover the transversely stiffened plate under compressive axial stress conservatively. As to the transversely stiffened plate under tensile axial stress and the longitudinally stiffened plate, the strength reduction was in accordance with the reduction in the fully plastic moment based on the von Mises yield criterion in the conservative side. Finally, based on the findings, the required plate thickness coefficients were proposed on an empirical basis both for transversely and longitudinally stiffened plate under compressive and tensile axial loads.     

Instabilities in imperfect thick cones subjected to axial compression and external pressure

The paper presents results of a numerical study into the buckling resistance of geometrically imperfect mild steel cones subjected to: (a) axial compression only, (b) lateral external pressure only, and (c) axial compression and external pressure acting simultaneously.Initial geometric imperfections are taken in the form of the eigenmode, `a single wave' extracted from the eigenmode and localized smooth dimple modelled analytically. Load carrying capacity of imperfect models is computed using the Finite Element proprietory code.Buckling strength of axially compressed and imperfect cone is only 55% of geometrically perfect model. Buckling strength of a cone subjected to lateral pressure, on the other hand, amounts to 43% of the corresponding value of perfect model. But it is the shrinkage of stability plot of imperfect cone which was found to be significant. For imperfect cones subjected to combined axial compression and external pressure, the collapse envelope shrinks by 48% with the elastic sub-set being reduced by 51%.     

Axial vibrations of a propulsion system taking into account the couplings and the boundary conditions

Calculations of the axial vibrations of a marine power transmission system are a very difficult problem owing to the complicated couplings and difficulties in determining the boundary conditions. The torsional–bending–axial coupling action of the system should be accounted for when considering its dynamics. A determination of the mutual interference of system vibrations and their boundary conditions is also necessary. A performance analysis of the main engine bearings, the thrust bearings, and the axial dampers should also be carried out. Thus, the effects of additional bending stresses in the crankshaft and possible vibrations of the ships structure due to the reaction force in the thrust bearings should be considered. I have devised a computer program to analyse the axial vibration problem. The numerical analysis method presented is compared with measurements (performed on real ships) and verified by them.