固化剂稳定磷石膏路基填料的工程特性研究

为提高磷石膏路基填料的强度和水稳定性,降低有害物质溶出,采用甲基硅酸钠、硅酸钠和乳化剂制备磷石膏固化剂（CA）,并将质量比为0.5%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%的CA加入到磷石膏中制备CA稳定磷石膏混合料（CASP）,研究了CA掺量对CASP的力学性质（加州承载比CBR、回弹模量、无侧限抗压强度和剪切强度）、水稳定性（泡水软化系数和接触角）与有害物质溶出量的影响规律,并结合扫描电镜试验揭示了CASP的强度形成与水稳定性增强机理。结果表明：CA中的硅酸钠与磷石膏可生成硅酸钙凝胶与硫酸钠晶体,前者的胶凝作用和后者的填充作用提高了磷石膏的强度和密实度,CASP的CBR、回弹模量、无侧限抗压强度和剪切强度随着CA掺量的增加而大幅提升;由CA中的甲基硅酸钠所生成的聚硅氧烷憎水膜,改变了磷石膏颗粒表面的亲疏水性质,降低了磷石膏孔隙,改善了磷石膏的水稳定性,CASP的泡水软化系数随着CA掺量的增加而变大,掺2.0%CA的CASP与水分的接触角为91.4°;浸水11 d后掺1.0%CA的CASP可满足高速公路的路床填料CBR不小于8%和路基回弹模量不低于40 MPa的技术要求;通过硅酸钙凝胶的物理吸附和化学结合,以及憎水膜的填充固封,CA显著降低了磷石膏砷、铬、铅、氟离子和磷酸根的溶出量,掺0.5%CA的CASP浸出液中砷、铬和铅含量分别满足地下水Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级和Ⅳ级标准。     

The vulnerability of the environment to spills of dangerous substances on highways: A diagnosis based on multi criteria modeling

Highways and freeways are the main infrastructure channel used to transport cargo in Brazil. This cargo often includes dangerous chemical products which can, in the event of an accident, negatively impact the environment. The development and implementation of tools for the rapid diagnosis of environmental vulnerability in the transportation of dangerous goods has been studied. However, for highways and freeways there is a lack of studies based on environmental attributes, and not just based on statistical data which demands a specific period for collection and analysis and only after that the implementation of preventive measures. Thus, evaluation grounded on multiple criteria embedded in Geographic Information System (GIS) has significant potential for the practical implementation of risk management of road transportation of dangerous goods. This study has determined the environmental vulnerability of route BR 050, specifically the segment between the cities of Uberlândia and Uberaba in the state of Minas Gerais, where multi criteria analysis has been efficient in determining the most vulnerable areas. The main attributes analyzed were the drainage density, soil type and geology, determining that in case of an accident with dangerous substances the regional environment would be immediately affected, and so endorsing the use of this tool in many segments involved in environmental management of highway enterprises.     

污水回用深度处理中有机物对反渗透膜污染研究

应用牛血清蛋白（BSA）和海藻酸钠代表反渗透进水中的蛋白质和多糖,采用带有交互作用的正交试验分析污染因素的影响,使用环境扫描电镜和原子力显微镜对污染后的膜面进行监测．实验表明,海藻酸钠对膜污染的影响高于BSA的影响,BSA与海藻酸钠共同存在时会产生明显的交互作用,增大了有机物污染．溶液中Ca＾2＋会结合羧基官能团,以架桥作用连接有机物,能够显著影响有机物污染,Mg2＋对有机物污染的影响次之,离子强度会改变有机物的带电性,从而影响了有机物的污染．监测结果表明,有机物可在反渗透膜面形成厚密的凝胶层,引起严重的膜污染．     

谈汽车禁限用物质及汽车回收利用

为了保护环境,提高资源利用率,落实科学发展观,实现社会经济的可持续发展,国家正在推进汽车产品回收利用技术政策。文章阐述了政策要求、汽车禁限用物质要求、试验流程及试验方法等。对一些特定使用的物质,如铅、汞、镉、六价铬和某些溴化物阻燃剂在现行和正被提议的立法中被禁止,同时文章还介绍了几种主要检测方法。     

一种新的孕早期诊断母儿血型不合方法—绒毛血型物质测定

ABO系统母儿血型不合是我国引起新生儿溶血病的主要原因。为了在孕早期对可疑母儿血型不合的胎儿血型作出产前诊断,我们用吸收放散法测定了40例孕6～12周绒毛组织的血型物质,同时测定了其父母血型,40例标本的血型物质与其父母血型按遗传规律所可有的子女的血型相符。20例标本曾重复测定,两次测定结果均一致。这一方法提示可经宫颈吸取微量绒毛测定血型物质以鉴定胎儿ABO血型,为孕早期产前诊断母儿血型不合提供了一种新的途径。     

A STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN WATER AND PREVALENCE OF KASHIN BECK DISEASE

ＭＡＴＥＲＩＡＬＳＡＮＤＭＥＴＨＯＤＳ１　ＡｆｔｅｒｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｎｇｔｈｒｅｅｅｎｄｅｍｉｃａｒｅａｓｏｆＫＢＤ，ｓｕｃｈａｓＭａｎｇｋｅｎｇ，ＦａｎｒｏｎｇａｎｄＮａｎｙｕａｎａｎｄａｎｅｉｇｈｂｏｒｉｎｇｎｏｎ－ｅｎｄｅｍｉｃｆｉｅｌｄｆｏｒｅａｃｈｏｎｅｉｎＹｕｌｉｎ，Ｓｈａａｎｘｉ〔１〕，ｗｅｅｘａｍｉｎｅｄｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎａｇｅｄｆｒｏｍ６ｔｏ１２ｉｎｔｈｅｓｅａｒｅａｓｗｉｔｈｒｏｅｎｔｇｅｎｏｇｒａｐｈｙ．Ｔｈｅｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓａｎｄｅｎｄｅｍｉｃａｒｅａｓｗｅｒｅｒｅｓｐｅｃｔ…     

建立我国船运有害有毒物质损害责任机制的研究

从建立我国船运有害有毒物质损害责任机制的必要性出发,对比研究了建立赔偿机制的几种可行方案,并表明了我国对“1996年HNS公约”应持的态度。     

高速铁路隧道有毒物质环境下修建技术研究

杭黄铁路天目山隧道施工时遇到有毒物质,为避免施工人员受到伤害,有效推进工程建设,开展现场监测分析,发现放射性 核素²³⁸U比活度平均值为236.3 Bq/kg,高于全国平均值39.5 Bq/kg,隧道空气中钒最高质量浓度达到77.88 μg/m3,为职业接触限 值的1.6倍,爆破后产生的SO2、CO有害气体是限值的几十倍。 通过理论计算和现场试验,采取超前周边预注浆、结构衬砌加强、加 强通风、喷雾降尘等针对性措施,有效屏蔽了辐射影响,贯通后施工人员总照射年有效剂量为0.386 mSv,低于目标管理限值1 mSv。 有害气体、粉尘和钒的质量浓度均低于检出限值。 结果表明: 采用的技术措施对处理有毒气体及辐射有着显著效果,确保了施工 人员安全和施工进度,保证了铁路运营安全。     

Analysis of ganciclovir and its related substances using high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods

Objective High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) methods were developed for the determination of ganciclovir and its related substances. Methods A Hypersil ODS2 column (4.6mm×250mm, 5μm) was used with a mobile phase of 0.02M potassium 1.0mL/min, and UV detector set at 254nm was used for monitoring the eluents. Results The method was simple, rapid, selective and capable of separating all related substances at trace level with a detection limit of 0.04μg/mL. It has been validated with respect to accuracy, precision, linearity, and limits of detection and quantification. The linearity range was 10.2-153.0μg/mL with r=0.9998. The percentage recoveries ranged from 96.7% to 101.6%, and RSD was 1.24%-1.96% (n=5). Conclusion The method was found to be suitable not only for monitoring the reactions during the process development but also for quality control of ganciclovir. For identification of related substances, LC/MS was used. The mainly related substances of ganciclovir active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) were determined as guanine, (1, 3-dioxolan-4-yl) methyl acetate, and diacetyl guanine.     

海洋污损生物黏附机制与酶防污技术研究进展

本文综述海洋污损生物黏附机制与酶防污技术研究进展.海洋污损生物具有显著的生物多样性,附着过程差异显著,但其附着基础大抵相同,均通过由蛋白质、多糖、脂质等组成的黏附物质的协同作用实现牢固附着.针对污损生物黏附物质的组成及黏附机制,基于酶的生物催化作用和环境友好特性,酶基防污技术成为新型环境友好型防污材料重要发展方向之一,具有广阔的应用前景.