铁路电力贯通线长距离输电补偿方案研究

铁路电力贯通线长距离输电存在一系列问题,如在线路轻载时末端电压升高,重载时末端电压下降,严重情况下末端电压将超出允许范围,严重影响供电的可靠性和安全性,影响行车安全。对临河至策克铁路互做布其35k V变电所与额济纳35k V变电所间超长距离贯通线进行分析,提出并联电抗和串联电容相结合的补偿方案,建立仿真模型,分别对集中补偿方案和分散补偿方案的有效性进行验证。结果表明:提出的补偿方案能够很好地解决铁路电力贯通线长距离输电时存在的问题。     

Willingness-to-pay for alternative fuel vehicle characteristics: A stated choice study for Germany

In the light of European energy efficiency and clean air regulations, as well as an ambitious electric mobility goal of the German government, we examine consumer preferences for alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) based on a Germany-wide discrete choice experiment among 711 potential car buyers. We estimate consumers’ willingness-to-pay and compensating variation (CV) for improvements in vehicle attributes, also taking taste differences in the population into account by applying a latent class model with 6 distinct consumer segments. Our results indicate that about 1/3 of the consumers are oriented towards at least one AFV option, with almost half of them being AFV-affine, showing a high probability of choosing AFVs despite their current shortcomings. Our results suggest that German car buyers’ willingness-to-pay for improvements of the various vehicle attributes varies considerably across consumer groups and that the vehicle features have to meet some minimum requirements for considering AFVs. The CV values show that decision-makers in the administration and industry should focus on the most promising consumer group of ‘AFV aficionados’ and their needs. It also shows that some vehicle attribute improvements could increase the demand for AFVs cost-effectively, and that consumers would accept surcharges for some vehicle attributes at a level which could enable their private provision and economic operation (e.g. fast-charging infrastructure). Improvement of other attributes will need governmental subsidies to compensate for insufficient consumer valuation (e.g. battery capacity).     

我国高等学校薪酬制度的探索与设想

文章阐述了知识经济时代高等学校薪酬管理的变化趋势以及薪酬制度面临的挑战。在此基础上,从高等学校薪酬水平的社会定位、人事聘任制下高校自主制定薪酬制度以及实施全面薪酬战略几个方面对今后我国高等学校的薪酬制度进行了探索与设想。     

Transition choice probabilities and welfare analysis in random utility models with imperfect before–after correlation

Welfare in random utility models is used to be analysed on the basis of only the expectation of the compensating variation. De Palma and Kilani (De Palma, A., Kilani, K., 2011. Transition choice probabilities and welfare analysis in additive random utility models. Economic Theory 46(3), 427–454) have developed a framework for conditional welfare analysis which provides analytic expressions of transition choice probabilities and associated welfare measures. The contribution is of practical relevance in transportation because it allows to compute shares of shifters and non-shifters and attribute benefits to them in a rigorous way. In De Palma and Kilani (2011) the usual assumption of unchanged random terms before and after is made.The paper generalises the framework for conditional welfare analysis to cases of imperfect before–after association of the random terms. The joint before–after distribution of the random terms is introduced with postulated properties in terms of marginal distributions and covariance matrix. Analytic expressions, based on the probability density function and the cumulative distribution function of the joint before–after distribution, and simulation procedures for computation of the transition choice probabilities and the conditional expectations of the compensating variation are provided. Results are specialised for multinomial logit and probit. In the case without income effects, it is proved that the unconditional expectation of the compensating variation depends only on the marginal distributions.The theory is illustrated by a numerical example which refers to a multinomial logit applied to the choice of the transport mode with two specifications, one without and one with income effects. Results show that transition probabilities and conditional welfare measures are affected significantly by the assumption on the before–after correlation. The variability in the transition probabilities across transitions tends to decrease as the before–after correlation decreases. In the extreme case of independent random terms, the conditional expectations of the compensating variation tend to be close to the unconditional expectation.     

浅谈无线列调的弱场补强

介绍了无线列调系统中几种弱场补强方案，简要说明了各种方案的系统组成、工作原理、组网方式及优缺点。     

UM71轨道电路补偿电容在线测试系统

针对UM71轨道电路的特点，提出了一种在线测试其补偿电容的方法。并基于单片机设计了一个补偿电容在线测试系统，在现场测试中取得了较好的结果，有一定的实用价值。     

浅谈制动主缸的发展历程及常见故障

本文对三代制动主缸补偿孔式、中心阀式、柱塞式的发展历程、工作原理进行介绍和阐述,也对制动主缸关键零部件、常见故障点进行了分析和说明。