A two-dimensional response to a tropical storm on the Gulf of Mexico shelf

Surface current data from drifting buoys and remotely sensed wind data recorded over the continental shelf in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico during the passage of tropical storm Josephine in October 1996 are examined. Drifter data show the existence of a strong surface jet (velocities reaching 1 m s⁻¹) that moves up the west Florida shelf and westward along the Louisiana–Texas shelf, and lasts for nearly 1 week. The coastal jet occurs during an intense synoptic scale wind event where wind speeds reach 15 m s⁻¹. A simple force balance and statistical analysis are performed to assess the role of strong wind forcing. The primary balance shows an Ekman-type current. The role of local acceleration is greatest when winds are directed along bathymetry. A simple two-dimensional strongly forced shelf response model developed from the linear steady-state momentum equations also indicates larger along-shore currents due to both Ekman-type forcing by cross-shore winds and a cross-shore pressure gradient arising from conservation of mass. Model parameters fit empirically are within 15% of theoretical values. The simple model explains 30% and 46% of the variance in the observed along-shore and cross-shore surface currents, respectively.     

新疆对接“一带一路”修建宽轨铁路可行性研究

阿拉山口站是新欧亚大陆桥通道的重要国际换装站,是我国向西开放的主要对外接口。在"一带一路"倡议的推动下,以促进丝绸之路经济带核心区建设,加快与周边国家互联互通为契机,开展研究宽轨铁路引进新疆的可行性。首先,在分析通道现状存在问题的基础上,对新形势下阿拉山口口岸过货量、中欧班列、对外贸易发展、产业布局等需求分析,探讨由阿拉山口口岸引入宽轨铁路后既有通道的替代性、跨境运输的配套措施、作业时间及费用、功能布置、运营保障性等作业的发展对策。根据项目所在区域内工程条件、环境、地质及产业布局发展规划,推荐宽轨铁路一期引入精河、二期引入乌鲁木齐的站位方案,形成宽轨铁路引入新疆的在技术上可行及必要的研究结论。     

On the distribution of dissolved lead in the Loire estuary and the North Biscay continental shelf, France

The dissolved lead was studied in the whole salinity gradient of the system composed of the Loire estuary and the North Biscay continental shelf. About 130 samples were collected in winter 2001 and spring 2002 during Nutrigas and Gasprod campaigns (Programme PNEC-Golfe de Gascogne, RV Thalassa) and metal measurements were conducted on board by Potentiometric Stripping Analysis. In the Loire estuary, levels of dissolved lead ranged from 0.15 to 0.24 nM and from 0.04 to 0.26 nM in winter and spring, respectively. Compared to the concentrations reported in 1987 and 1990 (0.4–1.7 nM; Boutier, B., Chiffoleau, J.F., Auger, D., Truquet, I., 1993. Influence of the Loire river on dissolved lead and cadmium concentrations in coastal waters of Brittany. Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 36:133–143, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 36, 133–143) our study indicated much lower values. The fall in concentration in the estuary could be attributed to the stopping of activity of Octel, a big manufacturer of tetra alkyl lead. Discharge in dissolved metal to the continental shelf by the Loire river was assessed as 7.5 and 1.9 kg day^− 1 for winter and spring, respectively. On the continental shelf, levels of dissolved lead varied within 0.06 and 0.27 nM in winter (0.15 ± 0.06 nM, sd = 1.96, n = 49), whereas concentrations measured in spring were in the range 0.06–0.17 nM (0.09 ± 0.03 nM, sd = 1.96, n = 60). This difference in metal concentration was related to the amounts of rainfall that have fallen over the continental shelf: estimations of inputs by this way (74 and 32 kg day^− 1 in winter and spring, respectively) appeared to be significantly higher than inputs from the Loire river (7.5 and 1.9 kg day^− 1 in winter and spring, respectively). The distributions of dissolved metal in the surface waters highlighted the role of suspended particular matter (SPM) for a rapid “trapping” of lead near the mouth of the estuary. The vertical distributions showed, in the stratified area, a biological transfer of lead between winter and spring from surface waters to the halocline.     

Seasonal variation of riverine nutrient inputs in the northern Bay of Biscay (France), and patterns of marine phytoplankton response

Seasonal variations in nutrient inputs are described for the main rivers (Loire and Vilaine) flowing into the northern Bay of Biscay. The river plumes are high in N/P ratio in late winter and spring, but not in the inner plume during the summer. Conservative behavior results in most nutrients entering the estuary and eventually reaching the coastal zone. Temporal and spatial aspects of phytoplankton growth and nutrient uptake in the northern Bay of Biscay distinguish the central area of salinity 34 from the plume area. The first diatom bloom appears offshore in late winter, at the edge of the river plumes, taking advantage of haline stratification and anticyclonic “weather windows.” In spring, when the central area of the northern shelf is phosphorus-limited, small cells predominate in the phytoplankton community and compete with bacteria for both mineral and organic phosphorus. At that period, river plumes are less extensive than in winter, but local nutrient enrichment at the river mouth allows diatom growth. In summer, phytoplankton become nitrogen-limited in the river plumes; the central area of the shelf is occupied by small forms of phytoplankton, which are located on the thermocline and use predominantly regenerated nutrients.     

基于欧式距离的多时相遥感图像变化检测

文章以某城市遥感影像为例,把欧式距离的方法运用于多时相遥感影像的变化检测中.分别对单像元与3×3窗口像元做变化检测,比较二者之间的效果,得出利用像元周边信息能够减少噪音,降低破碎度的结论.     

Using high sampling-rate ADCP for observing vigorous processes above sloping [deep] ocean bottoms

Above sloping bottoms in the ocean mixing processes are not predominantly generated by shear-induced turbulence via bottom friction. Instead, the restratifying buoyancy forces and internal waves create a highly non-linearly varying environment including ‘stratified turbulence’. Most of the resulting vigorous mixing processes that dominate sediment resuspension occur during the passage of frontal bores or solitary boluses, ‘solibores’. Here, the observed evolution of different forms of highly non-linear strictly upslope moving ‘waves’, bores or boluses are reviewed from various NIOZ projects at deep sloping bottom sites ranging from 500 to 3000 m.Such fronts pass a fixed site within a few minutes, extending some 60 ± 30 m above the bottom and occurring over much larger periods at once per subinertial or meso-scale period or approximately, but not exactly, once per tidal harmonic period. In order to observe the details of such solibore one needs specific, high-sampling rate equipment. A suitable piece of equipment is a bottom-mounted 4-beam 300 kHz acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP), provided it samples at a rate of about once per second over a period of at least several weeks. Not just the three components of current velocity [u,v,w] are monitored over a range of some 80 m at 1 m intervals, but also the relative ‘echo intensity’ dI, which is a measure for suspended matter and stratified turbulence. Such ADCP-observations are combined and compared with high-resolution temperature measurements. Fine details show a turbulent inner core with more or less laminar streamlines outside it. Whether a front or a bolus, the bore is never observed as a completely closed contour, as swept up turbulent material is sucked into the core at the rear end.     

区域经济非均衡发展的实证研究 — 论新亚欧大陆桥经济带东、中、西部开发策略

新亚欧大陆桥经济带的开发时至今日虽已取得了较大的进展,但是由于资源禀赋、区位条件、资源配置效率、产业结构等方面的原因,经济带各地区的发展极为不均衡.论文从实证的角度对此问题进行了研究,并就新亚欧大陆桥经济带协调发展提出一些相应的对策及建议.     

天作之合 Bentley宾利Continental Flying Spur

BOSTON Celtics在22年之后，终于又尝到了NBA总冠军的滋味，三巨头感慨万分地拿到了联盟中最为珍贵的总冠军戒指，而对于BOSTON，这已经是第17次夺冠!本文主角的东家，也干最近将美国总部迁址到了Boston，可见这座城市的魅力决不仅限于运动赛场上，除了Bentley高层存在忠实球迷的可能性之外，两个名词的首字母均为“B”也许更是天意!