基于易损性能分析的山店江大桥高墩抗震评估技术研究

以汝郴高速公路山店江大桥1号高墩为工程背景,通过对钢筋混凝土截面的弯矩-曲率分析确定高墩的损伤指标,利用midas/civil软件进行非线性时程分析,得到该桥墩的理论易损性曲线,并讨论壁厚和基础约束刚度2个参数对桥墩易损曲线的影响。研究成果可为预测结构的抗震性能、结构的抗震设计、加固和维修提供参考。     

The vulnerability of the environment to spills of dangerous substances on highways: A diagnosis based on multi criteria modeling

Highways and freeways are the main infrastructure channel used to transport cargo in Brazil. This cargo often includes dangerous chemical products which can, in the event of an accident, negatively impact the environment. The development and implementation of tools for the rapid diagnosis of environmental vulnerability in the transportation of dangerous goods has been studied. However, for highways and freeways there is a lack of studies based on environmental attributes, and not just based on statistical data which demands a specific period for collection and analysis and only after that the implementation of preventive measures. Thus, evaluation grounded on multiple criteria embedded in Geographic Information System (GIS) has significant potential for the practical implementation of risk management of road transportation of dangerous goods. This study has determined the environmental vulnerability of route BR 050, specifically the segment between the cities of Uberlândia and Uberaba in the state of Minas Gerais, where multi criteria analysis has been efficient in determining the most vulnerable areas. The main attributes analyzed were the drainage density, soil type and geology, determining that in case of an accident with dangerous substances the regional environment would be immediately affected, and so endorsing the use of this tool in many segments involved in environmental management of highway enterprises.     

上海市道路隧道结构设计标准综述

通过调研和总结上海已建15座盾构隧道的设计资料,对现有隧道存在的病害进行了归类分析,提出了隧道病害的预防与治理措施;对明挖段的围护设计选型、结构工程规模和盾构隧道几何设计参数进行了统计分析,提出了明挖接线段围护结构选型及插入比的建议,明确了明挖结构的计算模型和计算参数;对已建盾构隧道的埋深、最小曲线半径、最小线间距、最大坡度等几何参数进行了详细分析,总结出了工作井平面尺寸的确定方法和盾构进出洞的关键技术。     

水上振冲法在低强度饱和黏性土地基处理中的应用

以大连港东部地区搬迁改造项目游艇码头工程的地基处理为例,通过对工程试验区的研究,提出了合理的设计标准和施工工艺方法。通过对碎石桩质量检测的研究,提出了通过沉箱压载试验和重型动力触探相结合的方式对碎石桩质量进行检测,分析了该项目中碎石桩成桩效果,总结了水上振冲法在低强度饱和黏性土中的工程经验及质量检测标准。     

地铁车站空气品质的评价与探讨

介绍了室内空气品质的定义,归纳了地铁车站空气品质的评价方法和标准.经研究对比指出,在对地铁车站空气进行评价时使用卫生标准比舒适性标准更为合适.影响地铁车站空气品质的主要因素有空调系统的材质问题、室内空气的二次污染、由于活塞风带来的隧道空气等.最后,提出了一些相关的改善措施,如清除和控制室内污染源、发挥通风有效性、装屏蔽门、制定针对地铁站的空气质量标准等.     

Multiple criteria optimization method for the vehicle assignment problem in a bus transportation company

A vehicle assignment problem (VAP) in a road, long‐haul, passenger transportation company with heterogeneous fleet of buses is considered in the paper. The mathematical model of the VAP is formulated in terms of multiobjective, combinatorial optimization. It has a strategic, long‐term character and takes into account four criteria that represent interests of both passengers and the company's management. The decision consists in the definition of weekly operating frequency (number of rides per week) of buses on international routes between Polish and Western European cities. The VAP is solved in a step‐wise procedure. In the first step a sample of efficient (Pareto‐optimal) solutions is generated using an original metaheuristic method called Pareto Memetic Algorithm (PMA). In the second step this sample is reviewed and evaluated by the Decision Maker (DM). In this phase an interactive, multiple criteria analysis method with graphical facilities, called Light Beam Search (LBS), is applied. The method helps the DM to define his/her preferences, direct the search process and select the most satisfactory solution.     

安全水平法在SOLAS 救生艇结构强度衡准制定中的应用

本文将安全水平法应用于SOLAS第III章救生艇结构强度衡准的制定。主要采用综合安全评估对救生艇结构强度相关的功能性要求进行衡准的初步制定,从而得出需要的安全水平。基于强度衡准理论分析、实艇试验和事故数据分析相结合的方式评估了现有救生艇结构强度的安全水平,对衡准的合理性提出修改的建议。研究结果为安全水平法在船舶技术标准制定和安全水平评估方面的应用提供了实际案例和使用建议。     

某设备加强结构优化设计研究

随着船舶设计技术的发展和船舶性能的高要求,船用装备的要求也不断提高,这对船舶的结构设计提出了更高的要求;但依据原有的设计经验已远远不够,故采用有限元法对某船机库顶部某设备的两种加强结构形式进行计算和对比分析,给出相对较佳的结构加强和优化意见。     

基于天线选择的准正交空时码的自适应设计

为充分利用信道信息(Channel State Information,CSI)来改善准正交空时码(Quasi Orthogonal Space-Time Block Code,QSTBC)系统的性能,提出基于天线选择的QSTBC系统自适应设计方案,对QSTBC的编码结构添加自适应系数,使信道矩阵正交化,消除码间串扰.推导了系统的瞬时输出信噪比,以此作为天线选择准则.仿真结果表明,相对于未经过自适应编码设计的天线选择QSTBC系统,新系统的误码率性能有明显改善.     

铁道车辆运行安全评判的轮对爬轨脱轨准则

为了掌握车辆爬轨脱轨机理及主要影响因素,分析了轮对的三维空间受力,推导了轮轨横向力和垂向力比值的一般表示式,假设车轮在达到最大轮缘接触角时为脱轨的临界状态,并认为这时轮轨间出现完全摩擦滑动,导出了不考虑轮对摇头角的临界脱轨判别的二维准则与考虑轮对摇头角和轮轨蠕滑率效应的三维脱轨判别准则,给出了轮轴脱轨系数的定义,采用轮轴脱轨系数和轮重减载率进行脱轨的判别。仿真计算结果表明:二维脱轨判别准则与三维准则相比偏于保守;摇头角越小甚至变负,越有利于防止脱轨,摇头角越大,三维准则的临界脱轨曲线越接近于二维准则的;减小轮轨摩擦系数与增大轮缘角均有利于防止脱轨的发生。