沥青路面机械施工质量问题初探

在公路新改建工程中,大部分采用沥青摊铺机等机械施工.本文结合施工实践,着重分析路基质量对路面质量的影响及与路面质量紧密相关的因素,提出“最小摊铺厚度原则”和“路基路面横坡干涉理论”,从而提出一些控制路面质量的措施.     

变截面钢板弹簧梯形叶片的斜面位置分析

梯形变截面钢板弹簧具有轧制的线形简单、对设备要求不高等优点。将梯形截面与抛物线截面进行对比分析，以梯形叶片的斜面与抛物线相切为基础，以切点在材料利用最充分处、端部、根部为重点，分析了梯形叶片在不同位置时的端部厚度、斜面的水平长度、梯形叶片与抛物线叶片的质量比，其结果对梯形叶片的设计具有一定的参考价值。     

基于专家系统和证据理论的路面破损原因评价方法研究

路面破损原因评价是一项经验性很强的工作,通过采用专家系统技术,利用路面养护专家经验和知识形成产生式规则,并对单处路面破损原因进行评价。根据对单处路面破损原因的评价结果中也包含了导致整个路段路面破损主要原因的信息这一特点,介绍了引入证据理论将这方面信息提取出来,合成得出对整个路段的主要破损原因评价的方法。     

尼铁现代化项目中矩形空心桥台的优化设计

当前常用的时速200 km的铁路矩形空心桥台参考图中的桥台截面尺寸偏厚,安全富余量很大。为节约混凝土圬工量,希望在保证安全的前提下减少桥台截面尺寸。首先提出专门针对铁路矩形空心桥台台身截面计算的荷载图示,然后利用这一新的图示对拉伊铁路项目中使用的常规矩形空心桥台进行有限元分析,经过不断试算提出最优的截面尺寸。在钢筋用量基本不变的情况下,新尺寸桥台较原参考图中桥台的混凝土用量减少10%以上。对于项目所在地尼日利亚国水泥价格高昂的情况而言,桥台尺寸的这一优化将产生较大的经济效益。     

Analysis of cross effect on inherent deformation during the line heating process – Part 1 – Single crossed heating lines

This paper describes the effect of previous heating on inherent deformation by a subsequent heating line, more specifically, the case of two heating lines intersecting (crossing) each other. The paper has been divided into two parts. In the first part, the case of single crossed heating lines is studied in detail. The second part of the paper, discusses the case of more than one crossed heating lines. The novelty of the work lies in revealing the cross effect and how, factors such as, for example, the heating condition and the plate geometry, influence the resulting inherent deformation of crossed heating. In addition, relationships to easily get these influences are provided. The results are suitable for a wide range of heating conditions and plate thickness.     

Point-to-point speed enforcement systems: Speed limits design criteria and analysis of drivers’ compliance

Point-to-point (P2P) speed enforcement is a relatively new approach to traffic law enforcement. Its technology allows vehicles whose average speed exceeds the speed limit over the controlled section to be fined. It therefore encourages compliance over distances longer than those where spot enforcement policies have been in place.In this paper, a procedure for consistently setting speed limits with such enforcement systems is proposed. Such a method has been applied to design the speed limits on two motorways in the district of Naples, Italy, where P2P enforcement systems became operational in 2009 and 2010. The speed limits, which were set using the Italian geometric design standard to assess vehicle stability and stopping sight distance, have been compared with those provided by using well-known international standards.The impact of the newly designed speed limits and of the P2P enforcement system on drivers’ speeding behaviour has been quantified for each highway section and vehicle type. In fact, accurate measurements of the average travel speeds of each vehicle crossing the enforced sections, before and after the activation of the system, were available. The migration from the old speed limits with spot speed enforcement to the new approach resulted in a notable increase in drivers’ compliance to the speed limits with a remarkable decrease in both the average of individual speeds and in their standard deviation.In addition, the analysis of 3 years of data shows that a gradual adaptation of drivers’ behaviour to the system took place. In particular, a decreasing compliance to the speed limits points to a non-optimal system management. Finally, the results of a revealed preference survey allowed us to make a behavioural interpretation regarding the significantly different impacts measured on the two motorways.     

杭州湾北岸奉贤段滩涂演变分析

杭州湾北岸奉贤段滩涂资源丰富,解放以来已围垦升发113 km3。但由于水情、工况变化,日前已处于冲刷状态,可围垦利用资源已十分有限。经过详细调查研究,在收集大量数据基础上,该文对近年滩涂演变过程作仔细分析,得出的结论是:由于沿岸泥沙供应量减少、东部深水围垦造成流态变化等原因,奉贤段滩涂的冲刷情况将更趋严重,对海塘防汛能力、沿岸进一步开发利用都构成一定的威胁。必须采取相应的工程、非工程措施,以合理、有序地开发利用奉贤岸段宝贵的滩涂资源。     

表面桨驱动装置关键技术研究

为检验表面桨驱动装置能否安全可靠地运行,采用UG进行双十字万向联轴节的运动仿真计算,运用有限元方法对各典型零部件进行强度计算及轴系回旋振动计算,采用系统矩阵法分析装置的扭转振动特性,结合轴系扭振计算与校中计算,采用理论公式对轴系进行综合强度校核,得到双十字万向联轴节的运动干涉数据、各典型零部件应力大小及分布情况、轴系扭振应力大小等数据,并对表面桨驱动装置设计计算中的关键技术进行了深入研究,提出了计算分析的流程,可为表面桨装置设计、计算与分析提供理论及工程指导。     

On the use of mathematical programming in the evaluation of transport policies

This paper focuses on the evaluation processes by which decisions regarding transportation alternatives can be assisted. A multidimensional approach usually called multiple criteria decision making is required to represent the complexity of transportation policy and systems.

The multiple criteria decision making techniques can be divided into two groups. The first is based on a ranking scheme approach and the second on a mathematical programming approach.

A multiple objective mathematical programming procedure known as Goal Programming is presented. The authors examined the use of that procedure in real transportation problems.

The results suggest that multiple objective mathematical programming techniques in general do not appear to be appropriate in transportation policy analysis involving mutually exclusive alternatives. Their use can be limited to special cases in the private sector.     

长江官洲河段近期河床演变分析

长江官洲河段位于安徽省内,上起吉阳矶,下至皖河口,为首尾束窄中间放宽的鹅头型分汊河道,全长28.0km。该文根据历年水文泥沙及水下地形图等基础资料,分析了该河段的近期演变情况。通过对洲滩及汊道演变分析,得出结论:目前该河段河势处于相对稳定状态,岸线基本稳定。受上游东流河段河势变化影响,局部河床会发生冲淤变化。