动态斜面式撇油器结构优化及数值模拟

基于对现有动态斜面式撇油器工作原理和结构性能的分析，提出了“双重拖带”的概念，即表层传送带的拖带作用和底层水流的拖带作用。结合N—S方程，对“双重拖带”的作用机理进行了数值模拟。结果表明：“双重拖带”比传统拖带的作用收油效果更好，适用的溢油粘度范围也更广。     

国外沥青混凝土路面新型研究方法分析

介绍国外沥青混凝土路面新型研究方法,并着重介绍了运用这些研究方法取得的最新研究成果。这些研究方法和成果,可为国内沥青混凝土路面科研、设计和施工提供借鉴。     

基于数字图像处理的粗集料棱角性量化研究

基于数字图像处理技术,对粗集料棱角性进行量化研究,以取代传统的试验方法。首先从单个颗粒的棱角性定义出发,建立了4个粗集料棱角性量化指标:AR、ARmax、AP、APc;然后采用数字图像处理(DIP)技术,对拍摄的粗集料二维图像进行处理分析,得到粗集料样本棱角性量化结果,最后将20份粗集料样本的未压实空隙率试验与DIP试验进行了比较。结果表明:4个用于评价粗集料棱角性的量化指标与未压实空隙率之间均有较强的相关性,其中以AP指标最佳;AP和APc指标更好地拉大了两个棱角性极端,有利于区分不同棱角性的粗集料。4个量化指标的面积加权平均值与未压实空隙率之间的相关系数均要大于它们的算术平均值与未压实空隙率之间的相关系数,这也表明经面积加权的棱角性指标考虑了粗集料的宏观性能,因此更加合理。     

Alterations in nutrient limitations — Scenarios of a changing Baltic Sea

Previous trend studies have shown increasing nitrogen and phosphorus as well as decreasing silica concentrations in the water mass of the Baltic Sea. This has had an impact on the amount of primary production, but also on the quality and succession of plankton species. Present study examines the spatial and temporal patterns of potential nutrient limitations in the Baltic Sea for the time period 1970–2000. Generally, low concentrations of DSi can limit the diatom blooms and such conditions are found in the Gulf of Riga and Gulf of Finland during spring and summer. Nutrient ratios, DSi:DIN, DSi:DIP and DIN:DIP, are often used to determine which nutrient may limit the primary production. Annual long-term temporal trends of silica to inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus respectively show consistent decreasing patterns. The largest slopes are detected during spring and summer for DSi:DIN and during spring for DSi:DIP ratios. For the DIN:DIP ratio significant slopes are only found in a few locations despite increasing levels for both nutrients, displaying a large variation in trends. In the open Baltic Proper the present trends are positive during winter and negative during spring and autumn. Gulf of Finland and Gulf of Riga are areas where both DSi:DIP and DSi:DIN ratios are found close to the Redfield ratios for diatoms. Together with the evaluated trends these suggest that the Gulfs may become silica limited in a relatively near future. These findings give some implications on the development and impact of changing nutrient concentrations.