母线保护在船舶电力系统中的应用

本文认为在船舶中压交流系统中可采用母线差动保护作为应对汇流母排故障的主保护,提出了一种基于微机保护装置实现的适合复杂中压船舶电力系统使用的母线保护体系,该方案可兼顾保护选择性、速动性、可靠性。首先分析了母线差动保护原理、动作特性、保护接线方式,其次重点分析了母线保护的死区及其应对方法。最后针对船舶电力系统特殊环境讨论了增加母线保护可靠性的措施。本文分析结果可作为中压船舶电力系统保护设计的参考。     

我对航迹推算的一些看法

航迹推算是船舶驾驶员的基本功。要求每个驾驶员都必须清楚的了解、熟练地掌握,并知道其精度与局限性。     

基于GPS/DR的现代有轨电车定位方法研究

针对现代有轨电车运行环境和运营特点,采用GPS定位为主,航位推算为辅的车辆定位方案,确保现代有轨电车在运营线路上定位信息的连续性和完整性。采用卡尔曼滤波等数据处理方法,减少传感器采集数据的零偏漂移和随机漂移,降低航位推算的累积误差,提高定位信息的精确性。由理论分析和跑车试验可以看出,组合定位方案和数据处理方法可以有效实现现代有轨电车在全部运行线路上的跟踪和定位。     

海上浮式储油轮狭水道拖航的可行性论证

超大型无动力船舶的拖航是一项高难度的航海作业,尤其是在通航环境复杂的狭水道水域。对于一项难度较大的引航工作,先进行可行性论证,是达到安全引航的必要前提。通过对超大型无动力船舶拖航的实际操纵。总结了拖航的经验,提出了超大型无动力船舶在狭水道拖航操纵作业的相关注意事项。     

关于30m预应力T型梁沿预应力管道方向裂缝的分析

通过荷载试验和理论分析的方法，分析30m预应力T型梁肋部沿预应力管道方向裂缝对承载能力的影响、产生的原因、处理方法等。     

混凝土受弯构件因自重荷载引起裂缝的分析与处理

混凝土受弯构件常出现因自重引起的裂缝,影响构件的正常使用,研究板底出现裂缝的情况,给出处理裂缝的方法。     

The Dead Sea hydrography from 1992 to 2000

The modern hydrological regime of the Dead Sea is strongly affected by anthropogenic activity. The natural fresh water budget has changed mainly due to the drastic reduction of runoff. Since 1977, the surface level of the Dead Sea has been lowered by an average rate of about 60 cm/year and for the period from 1998 to 2000, the lowering rate has reached about 100 cm/year. As a result of the runoff reduction, the upper layer salinity of the Dead Sea has increased and the gravitational stability of the water body was diminished. Eventually, during the winter of 1978–1979, the lake waters overturned, bringing to an end the long-term stable meromictic¹ hydrological regime. The lake entered a new phase in which its hydrological regime switches between holomictic and meromictic regimes, depending on the size of the runoff into the lake (i.e. the amount of precipitation in the lake's watershed). The first holomictic period, 1979–1980, lasted for 2 months only. It was succeeded by a 4-year meromictic period (1980–1983). The second holomictic period lasted for 9 years (1983–1991). The rainy winter of 1991–1992 resulted in an almost 2-m sea level rise. The upper layer with a relatively low salinity was restored and a new meromictic period persisted for 4 years, until winter 1995–1996. During the last meromictic period, the hydrological regime of the Dead Sea was characterized by following long-term trends: the depth of the summer thermocline increased from 12–15 to 25–30 m; the quasi-salinity of the upper layer, initially of about 164 kg/m³, increased rapidly at a rate of about 16–18 kg/m³/year; the quasi-salinity of the deep water, initially of about 235 kg/m³, decreased slowly at a rate of about 0.08–0.10 kg/m³/year (for the sake of comparison, a quasi salinity of 235 kg/m³ is the equivalent of 280‰ “usual” salinity); and the winter minimal temperature of the upper layer, initially of about 16 °C, increased rapidly at a rate of about 2 °C/year. In November 1995, the latest meromictic period of the Dead Sea came to an end. During the present holomictic period, 1996–2000, the hydrological regime of the Dead Sea is also characterized by long-term trends: the quasi-salinity of the entire Dead Sea increased at a rate of about 0.5 kg/m³/year, with practically no decrease during the winters; the temperature of the deep water mass increased with a rate of about 0.25 °C/year; and the period of vertical convection of the entire water column, initially about 3 months, increased at a rate of about 1 week/year. Moreover, we observed that the temperature and salinity of the bottom layer in the deepest part of the Dead Sea raised by about 0.5–0.6 °C and 0.15–0.25 kg/m³ during each holomictic summer.     

DSP技术在船舶导航中的应用研究

为了解决GPS定位可靠性差的问题，本文讨论了利用航位推算方法辅助GPS进行定位，从而弥补了GPS的缺陷。文中介绍了航位推算系统的原理和数学模型，给出了基于数字信号处理器（DSP）的航位推算系统的硬件组成和软件编程，最后实现了船舶导航的组合方法。     

GPS/DR/GIS技术在基于GSM-R列车监控系统中应用

列车监控系统是IRS(智能铁路系统 )的主要组成部分。阐述了列车监控系统的基本组成。着重介绍了GPS/DR组合定位以及GIS在列车定位和监控中的作用 ,并探讨了用GSM R移动通信网实现GPS定位数据传输的有效性     

铁路信号系统雷击试验中存在的问题探讨

对铁路信号系统上道信号设备雷电电磁脉冲抗扰度进行室内动态模拟试验,是保障信号设备应用可靠性的重要环节。按照现行铁道行业标准规定的试验方法和试验检测方法进行室内动态模拟试验,存在着对防护盲区和冲击损坏积累效应漏检的问题。通过分析试验结果,说明防护盲区、冲击损坏积累效应产生的原因和漏检的可能性,并提出相应防范措施。