驾驶员手伸及界面与驾驶室尺寸综合因子G

驾驶员手伸及界面与驾驶员的手伸、能力及驾驶室内部尺寸有关。驾驶员手伸及能力的统计性可通过身材百分位和男女比来反映。而驾驶室内部尺寸对手伸及界面的影响应以多元统计分析理论加以分析。本文介绍如何利用因子分析法来求取对手伸及界面具有综合影响的驾驶室尺寸综合因子G。     

Driver steering and muscle activity during a lane-change manoeuvre

The article reports an experimental study of driver steering control behaviour in a lane-change manoeuvre. Eight test subjects were instrumented with electromyography to measure muscle activation and co-contraction. Each subject completed 30 lane-change manoeuvres with one vehicle on a fixed-base driving simulator. For each driver, the steering torque feedback characteristic was changed after every ten manoeuvres; the response of the vehicle to steering angle inputs was not changed. Drivers' control strategies were found to be robust to changes in steering torque feedback. Path-following errors, muscle activity and muscle co-contraction all reduce with the number of lane-changes performed by the driver, suggesting the existence of a learning process. Comparing the test subjects, there was some evidence that high levels of co-contraction were used to allow high-frequency steering inputs to be generated. The results contribute to the understanding of vehicle-driver (and more generally, human-machine) dynamic interaction.     

列车运行数字仿真及其在技术标准优化建模中的应用

本文详细论述了列车运行数字仿真模型和基于仿真计算结果的运营指标的建模方法，并给出了仿真逄例也结果分析，以列车运行数字仿真的计算结果作为建模的基础数据具有一致性和可比性强，模型可靠且精度高的特点。本研究为铁路主要技术标准综合优化的推广使用奠定了必要的基础，具有广阔的应用前景。     

司机控制器可靠性试验探讨

探讨司机控制器可靠性试验,包括如何进行可靠性试验、试验的工作周期和流程设计、MTBF的时间单位与周期单位的换算、故障分级、试验结果的统计分析等相关问题,以解决开展可靠性试验中遇到的诸多实际问题,与机车厂提出的可靠性MTBF要求相呼应,为司机控制器可靠性试验铁道行业标准的制定提供参考.     

Regulatory reform and freight mode choice

Reform of trucking Vehicle Weights and Dimensions (VWD) regulations in Canada is now underway. The effect these reforms will have on the freight transportation industry are only recently the subject of research. This paper is part of this new research effort, aimed at understanding how regulatory reform in the trucking sector will affect the existing competitive relationship between trucks and the railways. The paper presents the results of study and research into modelling the relationship between mode choice and the service characteristics that are affected by VWD reform.Using several periods of data, a series of econometric models are developed which help to elucidate the relative relationships between the mode service characteristics for both of the principal interprovincial freight modes. A technique is developed and presented to model railway user costs in order to overcome the complex and often unrepresentable pricing activities of Canadian railways.The strength of the developed econometric models is presented, including their significance and statistical reliability. This is further reinforced by the similarities exhibited by all the models in the series. The selected model is applied to predict market service responses required of the railway industry in order to compete with the trucking sector now adapting to the new regulations.The impact of the newly implemented vehicle weight and dimension reform on the rail transportation industry is analyzed and railway industry improvements aimed at maintaining its market share are presented. The results predicted by the model show that railway user cost reductions should be moderate, and likely less than the level of inflation over the period of time when trucking converts its fleet to take advantage of the new regulations.Abbreviations AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials - CCMTA Canadian Conference of Motor Transport Administrators - EPI End products, inedible commodity classification - GVW Gross Vehicle Weight - NA 1988 VWD National Agreement - RTAC Roads and Transportation Association of Canada - VWD Vehicle Weight(s) and Dimension(s) - WA 1988 VWD Western Agreement     

驾驶员稳态预瞄动态校正假说

针对汽车运动学和动力学自身的特点及驾驶员对其的理解和认识，基于预瞄跟随理论和预测控制理论，在驾驶员行为建模中作出了汽车运动学和动力学特性的分隔处理，提出了驾驶员稳态预瞄动态校正假说，并结合仿真计算和驾驶模拟器实验论证了假说的合理性和有效性。     

驾驶员安全可靠性多因素分析

影响驾驶员安全可靠性的身心因素很多,研究中对22项指标进行分析,将有关指标合并,归纳为6种主因子:第一主因子相关变量5种,反映驾驶员的反应能力;第二主因子相关变量4种,反映中枢神经系统的平衡控制能力;第三主因子相关变量5种,反映驾驶员视觉功能;第四主因子相关变量4种,反映注意综合品质;第五主因子相关变量3种,反映驾驶员速度判断能力;第六主因子为驾驶员听觉能力。基于主因子分析进一步整合,建立驾驶员安全可靠性评价指标体系。     

驾驶员动视力对交通安全的影响及检测系统的研究

本文就驾驶员动视力的好坏对行车安全的影响进行了探讨,重点分析了驾驶员事故群与无事故群动视力的差异的显著性,论述了检测驾驶员动视力的必要性。同时介绍了动视力检测仪的检测原理、仪器的结构及检测方法。该仪器可以自动地对各类人员进行动视力、动静视力和静视力的检测。     

驾驶员统计特性对人—车闭环系统响应的影响与汽车主动安全性评价

基于预瞄跟随理论，本文应用一般随机摄动法，对考虑驾驶员不确定性的人－车闭环系统进行响应分析，结合实例，说明该方法在汽车主动安全性评价中的应用。