电力机车车轴热处理工艺的研究

分析了EA4T钢的性质特征以及传统调质处理工艺所存在的问题,系统地研究了正火、淬火及回火工艺对材料的组织及性能的影响规律。通过系统的实验,探索出了DJ4型机车车轴的最佳热处理工艺参数。     

大众EA888发动机怠速抖动故障诊断与排除

发动机怠速抖动故障是发动机常见故障。本文以大众EA888发动机为例,介绍了EA8888的发动机特点,分析了引起发动机怠速抖动的原因和发动机怠速抖动的诊断方法及步骤。并通过案例介绍了进排气系统多故障导致的怠速抖动和配气正时失准导致的怠速抖动故障的诊断与排除,为类似故障提供诊断参考。     

轮机英语学习者的汉译英错误分析

在以学习者为中心的语言教学研究中,监控和分析学习者的语言成为评估和指导教学的重要手段。本文运用错误分析理论,对轮机英语学习者在汉译英中出现的错误进行了分类、解释和评价,为轮机英语教学提供了一定的借鉴。     

EA4T车轴钢热处理冷却转变特性的研究

本文采用金相分析方法,系统地研究了EA4T钢在不同介质连续冷却、等温冷却下的组织转变。在860℃～920℃加热淬火时,随着加热温度降低,淬火所得的显微组织细小,这种工艺更有利于获得合格的晶粒度;该钢具有很强的贝氏体形成能力,即使空冷也能得到贝氏体组织;此钢在520℃以下等温,可抑制先共析铁素体的析出,得到粒状贝氏体组织,随着等温温度的降低,转变速度加快,在450℃下等温300s就可得到完全的贝氏体组织。     

电针对慢性癫痫大鼠海马新生神经元生长抑素表达的影响

目的 探讨电针对慢性癫痫大鼠海马新生神经元生长抑素(SS)表达的影响.方法 应用免疫荧光双标记和激光共聚焦显微镜观察了电针慢性癫痫大鼠督脉穴位"大椎"与"百会"后海马新生神经元生长抑素的表达情况.结果 海马新生神经元有SS的表达,且电针后的癫痫大鼠表达比未电针的癫痫大鼠减少,差异有统计学意义(P＜O.05).结论 电针可抑制海马新生神经元SS的表达,而SS有致痫作用.由此推测电针的抑痫机制可能是通过海马新生神经元SS的表达而实现的.     

SRA与EA对混凝土阻裂复合效应

在新型混凝土抗裂外加剂中,有机类减缩剂及无机膨胀剂的研究与应用受到了广泛的关注。对减缩剂与膨胀剂抗拉强度、干缩、自干燥收缩及平板约束开裂的试验结果表明:SRA的物理减缩作用及膨胀剂的化学膨胀作用,大大提高了混凝土早期的体积稳定性,降低了早期开裂的概率。     

Optimal transit service atop ring-radial and grid street networks: A continuum approximation design method and comparisons

Two continuum approximation (CA) optimization models are formulated to design city-wide transit systems at minimum cost. Transit routes are assumed to lie atop a city’s street network. Model 1 assumes that the city streets are laid out in ring-radial fashion. Model 2 assumes that the city streets form a grid. Both models can furnish hybrid designs, which exhibit intersecting routes in a city’s central (downtown) district and only radial branching routes in the periphery. Model 1 allows the service frequency and the route spacing at a location to vary arbitrarily with the location’s distance from the center. Model 2 also allows such variation but in the periphery only.The paper shows how to solve these CA optimization problems numerically, and how the numerical results can be used to design actual systems. A wide range of scenarios is analyzed in this way. It is found among other things that in all cases and for both models: (i) the optimal headways and spacings in the periphery increase with the distance from the center; and (ii) at the boundary between the central district and the periphery both, the optimal service frequency and line spacing for radial lines decrease abruptly in the outbound direction. On the other hand Model 1 is distinguished from Model 2 in that the former produces in all cases: (i) a much smaller central district, and (ii) a high frequency circular line on the outer edge of that central district.Parametric tests with all the scenarios further show that Model 1 is consistently more favorable to transit than Model 2. Cost differences between the two designs are typically between 9% and 13%, but can top 21.5%. This is attributed to the manner in which ring-radial networks naturally concentrate passenger’s shortest paths, and to the economies of demand concentration that transit exhibits. Thus, it appears that ring-radial street networks are better for transit than grids.To illustrate the robustness of the CA design procedure to irregularities in real street networks, the results for all the test problems were then used to design and evaluate transit systems on networks of the “wrong” type – grid networks were outfilled with transit systems designed with Model 1 and ring-radial networks designed with Model 2. Cost increased on average by only 2.7%. The magnitude of these deviations suggests that the proposed CA procedures can be used to design transit systems over real street networks when they are not too different from the ideal and that the resulting costs should usually be very close to those predicted.     

含异物击打伤高速动车组车轴疲劳寿命预测

基于高速动车组EA4T车轴疲劳小试样,采用正方体状钨钢弹丸高速冲击其表面,以模拟车轴表面异物击打伤;采用旋转弯曲疲劳试验方法进行光滑和缺陷试样疲劳性能试验;采用Abaqus软件,模拟分析缺陷附近区域的残余应力;构建基于疲劳指示参数(Fatigue Indicator Parameter,FIP)的缺陷小试样和含击打伤实...     

基于云模型的自学习进化算法

结合进化论和遗传理论的最新进展,提出基于学习算子的自学习进化算法;并将正态云模型引入进化过程中,提出云学习算子和基于云学习算子的自学习进化算法．最后的仿真实验表明,该算法具有精度高、收敛速度快等优点,能在很大程度上解决了现存进化算法的低效问题．     

沪苏通长江公铁大桥主航道桥公路钢桥面铺装技术研究

沪苏通长江公铁大桥主航道桥公路钢桥面铺装采用“环氧沥青混凝土EA10+高弹改性沥青混凝土SMA-10”结构.针对铺装材料受力复杂、低温施工难度大及摊铺时降温速度过快等技术难题,从关键环氧类铺装材料性能、钢桥面铺装施工工艺和环氧沥青混凝土EA10保温措施3个方面开展研究.结果 表明:国产环氧树脂粘结料和环氧沥青的23℃拉...