雅万高铁技术标准研究

结合印尼雅万高铁项目,对我国高速铁路技术标准"走出去"进行了适应性研究。从自然条件、社会因素和技术水平等方面分析雅万高铁技术标准选择的影响因素,对主要技术标准以及线路、轨道、地质、路基、桥梁、隧道等专业技术标准进行了适应性研究,提出适合雅万高铁条件的技术标准建议。研究成果为雅万高铁的建设提供了支撑,为我国高速铁路标准的进一步优化完善提供了参考,为其他"走出去"项目提供了借鉴。     

地震荷载下土体应力分析与挡土墙土压力计算分析

地震荷载作用下,按现有规范采用拟静力法设计的挡土墙仍发生了各种破坏。为探索地震荷载下土中应力分布对于岩土抗震工程的作用,合理地进行挡土墙抗震设计,采用拟静力法对地震荷载进行描述,根据弹性力学理论并假设问题满足平面应变的条件下,推导地震荷载下土体主应力的大小和方向的计算公式。通过对该点Mohr应力圆的分析,给出挡土墙动土压力大小与土体裂缝深度计算方法。研究结论:(1)地震主动和被动土压力系数均随着内摩擦角的增大而增大;(2)黏聚力对地震主动土压力系数的大小无影响,对地震被动土压力系数的影响较小;(3)土体裂缝深度随内摩擦角和黏聚力的增加而增大。     

地方独立坐标系与WGS-84坐标系转换方法及应用

根据n(n≥3)个点的地方独立坐标及对应的WGS-84坐标,结合平面坐标转换模型、布尔莎模型和三维坐标差转换模型,完成了地方独立坐标系与WGS-84坐标系转换参数的计算。基于该转换模型,利用Google Earth COM API、LibKML等开发接口,完成了AutoCAD数字地形图数据到Google Earth上的三维表示。     

Dynamic stride length adaptation according to utility and personal space

Pedestrians adjust both speed and stride length when they navigate difficult situations such as tight corners or dense crowds. They try to avoid collisions and to preserve their personal space. State-of-the-art pedestrian motion models automatically reduce speed in dense crowds simply because there is no space where the pedestrians could go. The stride length and its correct adaptation, however, are rarely considered. This leads to artefacts that impact macroscopic observation parameters such as densities in front of bottlenecks and, through this, flow. Hence modelling stride adaptation is important to increase the predictive power of pedestrian models. To achieve this we reformulate the problem as an optimisation problem on a disk around the pedestrian. Each pedestrian seeks the position that is most attractive in a sense of balanced goals between the search for targets, the need for individual space and the need to keep a distance from obstacles. The need for space is modelled according to findings from psychology defining zones around a person that, when invaded, cause unease. The result is a fully automatic adjustment that allows calibration through meaningful social parameters and that gives visually natural results with an excellent fit to measured experimental data.     

Key beliefs and attitudes for sea-level rise policy

This article reviews key measures of public opinion on sea-level rise (SLR): beliefs, attitudes, issue prioritization, and policy support. To do so, we first assess the influence of SLR beliefs and attitudes on issue prioritization and policy support using state-level data. Then, we compare the state findings to other surveys conducted in a hot spot of rising coastal waters, the U.S. Mid-Atlantic, to better understand the landscape of public opinion. Our findings indicate that, as in studies of climate change public opinion, belief certainty that SLR is happening and attitudes about its consequences significantly influence issue prioritization and policy support. Compared to climate change, SLR demonstrates less salience, but is similarly a low public priority. Nevertheless, the public supports governmental policies that address the issue, preferring strategies that discourage new construction in high risk areas and employ “soft” protection through natural barriers. Among the least popular approaches are those that implement hard barriers to defend against encroaching seas. Communication programs and public consultation by governments can benefit from the use of survey data to support evidence-based decision-making.     

Through the storm: Transit agency management in response to climate change

The increase in extreme weather events due to climate change poses serious challenges to public transit systems. These events disrupt transit operations, impair service quality, increase threats to public safety, and damage infrastructure. Despite the growing risk of extreme weather and climate change, little is known about how public managers recognize, experience and address these risks. Using data from a national study of public transit agencies we investigate the types of extreme weather events transit agencies are experiencing, the associated risks, and how agencies are preparing for them. We find that while extreme events are commonly experienced by transit agencies across states and transit managers perceive increased risks from these events, most agencies rely on the traditional emergency management approach to address extreme weather ex post rather than taking a proactive approach to mitigating the adverse weather impact on transit assets and infrastructure ex ante. Managers report that a lack of access to financial resources is the greatest challenge for undertaking adaptation and preparation. We conclude with a discussion of what these findings mean for understanding organizational adaptation behavior as well as climate adaptation policy making.     

Traffic modelling in system boundary expansion of road pavement life cycle assessment

This paper uses a case study of a UK inter-urban road, to explore the impact of extending the system boundary of road pavement life cycle assessment (LCA) to include increased traffic emissions due to delays during maintenance. Some previous studies have attempted this but have been limited to hypothetical scenarios or simplified traffic modelling, with no validation or sensitivity analysis. In this study, micro-simulation modelling of traffic was used to estimate emissions caused by delays at road works, for several traffic management options. The emissions were compared to those created by the maintenance operation, estimated using an LCA model. In this case study, the extra traffic emissions caused by delays at road works are relatively small, compared to those from the maintenance process, except for hydrocarbon emissions. However, they are generally close to, or above, the materiality threshold recommended in PAS2050 for estimating carbon footprints, and reach 5–10% when traffic flow levels are increased (hypothetically) or when traffic management is imposed outside times of lowest traffic flow. It is recommended, therefore, that emissions due to traffic disruption at road works should be included within the system boundary of road pavement LCA and carbon footprint studies and should be considered in developing guidelines for environmental product declarations of road pavement maintenance products and services.     

海工中压电力系统接地方式的选择与设计

对电力系统几种常用的接地方式进行分析比较,得出海工中压电力系统最适合中性点经高电阻接地的结论。在介绍分析高电阻接地的主要连接方式和接地故障电流电路模型的基础上,阐述接地设备参数选取的计算方法与原则。并结合实例,演示了单相接地故障电流和接地电阻/变压器参数计算及接地保护装置参数设定的全过程,为大型海洋工程和船舶中压系统接地方案的选择、系统设计和实际应用提供了较为全面的理论依据和有益参考。     

基于视觉识别的线控制动压力滑模控制

制动安全是车辆主动安全的关键技术之一.制动决策和执行器控制是影响线控制动系统性能的两个主要因素.路面自适应性和控制器鲁棒性分别对制动决策和执行器控制有着重要影响,制约着线控制动系统的发展.本文中以一种液压调控的线控制动系统为基础,针对路面自适应性和控制器鲁棒性问题,提出一种双层结构的制动系统控制器,上层采用计算机视觉的...     

高速公路改扩建工程中的环境保护

通过对高速公路改扩建工程环境保护的研究,文章首先分析改扩建工程中环境保护的必要性,并对高速公路改扩建工程中环境保护的具体内容进行分析,重点探讨高速公路改扩建工程中环境保护的具体应用,对某高速公路改扩建案例的深入分析,提出四大环境保护措施。