京沪高速铁路阳澄湖段环保施工技术

通过过程管理、工期控制、材料消耗、施工污染等多个方面对阳澄湖段施工栈桥和围堰方案的比较分析,表明京沪高铁阳澄湖段采用优化围堰方案代替栈桥施工,在环境、经济及技术方面具有明显的优势。在施工过程中采取了一系列防治生态破坏和环境污染措施后,有效地保护了阳澄湖水质不受污染,湖区生态环境及养殖业不受影响,为铁路跨越湖泊施工的环保工作提供有益借鉴。     

洞庭湖大桥拉索风雨振控制新技术

随着大跨径斜拉桥的不断建设，斜拉索的减振特别是风雨振的控制已成为该类桥梁急需解决的关键问题之一。岳阳洞庭湖大桥建成通车后已发生多次强烈风雨振，在对应用磁流变智能阻尼减振技术控制风雨振研究的基础上，全面评估了该技术控制拉索振动的实际效果，证明该阻尼器是拉索风雨振控制的有效手段。岳阳洞庭湖大桥全桥安装磁流变阴尼器后，加速度响应降低为原加速度的1/20-1/30。     

Why is the southwest the most productive region of the East Sea/Sea of Japan?

The East Sea/Sea of Japan is a moderately productive sea that supports a wealth of living marine resources. Of the East Sea subregions, the southwest has the highest productivity. Various authors have proposed coastal upwelling, the Tsushima Current, the Changjiang Dilute Water, eddies, or discharge from the Nagdong River as potential sources of additional nutrients. In this paper, we propose, using satellite data from 1998 to 2006, that the biological productivity of the southwestern region is enhanced mainly by wind-driven upwelling along the Korean coast. Firstly, the climatology of seasonal patterns suggests that the enhanced chlorophyll a along the Korean coast is of local origin. Secondly, coastal upwelling is frequent in all seasons except winter. For example, along the coast of the Ulgi region, enhanced chlorophyll a due to coastal upwelling was observed for 25–92% of the time between Jun and Sep in the period 1998–2006. Thirdly, the advection of upwelled water through various pathways to the deeper basin was observed. Fourthly, there appeared to be a strong correlation between the interannual chlorophyll a variations of the coastal upwelling regions and the Ulleung Basin. The chlorophyll a patterns of both regions were closely related to the wind pattern in the upwelling regions, but not to that in the Ulleung Basin. Finally, changes in advection pathways also appeared to affect the productivity of the Ulleung Basin. Since 2004, there has been a shift in the pathways of upwelled water, and consequent increases in chlorophyll a in the Ulleung Basin were observed. This last observation requires further investigation.     

Seasonal and interannual variation of physical and biological processes during 1994–2001 in the Sea of Japan/East Sea: A three-dimensional physical–biogeochemical modeling study

A Pacific basin-wide physical–biogeochemical model has been used to investigate the seasonal and interannual variation of physical and biological fields with analyses focusing on the Sea of Japan/East Sea (JES). The physical model is based on the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS), and the biogeochemical model is based on the Carbon, Si(OH)₄, Nitrogen Ecosystem (CoSiNE) model. The coupled ROMS–CoSiNE model is forced with the daily air–sea fluxes derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis for the period of 1994 to 2001, and the model results are used to evaluate climate impact on nutrient transport in Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) and phytoplankton spring bloom dynamics in the JES.The model reproduces several key features of sea surface temperature (SST) and surface currents, which are consistent with the previous modeling and observational results in the JES. The calculated volume transports through the three major straits show that the Korea Strait (KS) dominates the inflow to the JES with 2.46 Sv annually, and the Tsugaru Strait (TS) and the Soya Strait (SS) are major outflows with 1.85 Sv and 0.64 Sv, respectively. Domain-averaged phytoplankton biomass in the JES reaches its spring peak 1.8 mmol N m^− 3 in May and shows a relatively weak autumn increase in November. Strong summer stratification and intense consumption of nitrate by phytoplankton during the spring result in very low nitrate concentration at the upper layer, which limits phytoplankton growth in the JES during the summer. On the other hand, the higher grazer abundance likely contributes to the strong suppression of phytoplankton biomass after the spring bloom in the JES. The model results show strong interannual variability of SST, nutrients, and phytoplankton biomass with sudden changes in 1998, which correspond to large-scale changes of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Regional comparisons of interannual variations in springtime were made for the southern and northern JES. Variations of nutrients and phytoplankton biomass related to the PDO warm/cold phase changes were detected in both the southern and northern JES, and there were regional differences with respect to the mechanisms and timing. During the warm PDO, the nutrients integrated in the MLD increased in the south and decreased in the north in winter. Conversely, during the cold PDO, the nutrients integrated in the MLD decreased in the south and increased in the north. Wind divergence/convergence likely drives the differences in the southern and northern regions when northerly and northwesterly monsoon dominates in winter in the JES. Subjected to the nutrient change, the growth of phytoplankton biomass appears to be limited neither by nutrient nor by light consistently both in the southern and northern regions. Namely, the JES is at the transition zone of the lower trophic-level ecosystem between light-limited and nutrient-limited zones.     

信江东大河复杂浅滩段航道整治方案比选

信江是鄱阳湖流域的五大河流之一,现状航道为Ⅶ级,不满足社会经济发展要求,信江下游拟通过渠化工程来提高航道等级。根据最新河道地形资料及实测水文资料建立工程段的平面二维水流泥沙数学模型并进行详细验证,对航道整治工程后的水流、泥沙冲淤进行计算。对东大河蔡家洲、干港口、磨盘洲3个重点滩险段航道现状及碍航特性进行分析,提出渠化工程后3个险滩段航道整治布置方案,综合考虑工程后的水流运动、工程量、行洪影响、航槽稳定等条件,综合比选得到3个险滩段的航道整治推荐方案及对蔡家洲滩进行工程方案优化,设计成果可为类似航道整治提供参考。     

A preliminary proposal for urban and transportation planning in response to the Great East Japan Earthquake

The purpose of this paper is to propose information of use in the reconstruction of urban transport and infrastructure in response to the Great East Japan Earthquake. In particular, knowledge of urban planning and transportation planning is summarized to help in drawing up physical plans.     

Gas transfer velocities of CO2 and CH4 in a tropical reservoir and its river downstream

We have measured simultaneously the methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) surface concentrations and water–air fluxes by floating chambers (FC) in the Petit-Saut Reservoir (French Guiana) and its tidal river (Sinnamary River) downstream of the dam, during the two field experiments in wet (May 2003) and dry season (December 2003). The eddy covariance (EC) technique was also used for CO₂ fluxes on the lake. The comparison of fluxes obtained by FC and EC showed little discrepancies mainly due to differences in measurements durations which resulted in different average wind speeds. When comparing the gas transfer velocity (k₆₀₀) for a given wind speed, both methods gave similar results. On the lake and excluding rainy events, we obtained an exponential relationship between k₆₀₀ and U₁₀, with a significant intercept at 1.7 cm h^− 1, probably due to thermal effects. Gas transfer velocity was also positively related to rainfall rates reaching 26.5 cm h⁻¹ for a rainfall rate of 36 mm h^− 1. During a 24-h experiment in dry season, rainfall accounted for as much as 25% of the k₆₀₀. In the river downstream of the dam, k₆₀₀ values were 3 to 4 times higher than on the lake, and followed a linear relationship with U₁₀.     

东亚港口集装箱运输发展前景

东亚地区正在建设或规划建设大量的集装箱码头,这是否适应本地区未来港口集装箱运输发展形势值得关注.介绍英国海运咨询有限公司的相关研究成果.     

构筑华东第三通道,修建阜(阳)金(华)铁路

研究目的:华东地区是我国经济发达地区,近几年来,区域内从沿海经济向沿长江(华东腹地)经济的发展,加快了长江中下游经济发展速度,加剧了沿江地带货运量需求,"沿江开发,江海联动"已成大势所趋,但经济的进一步发展又受到交通、能源的制约。本文通过探讨构筑华东第三通道和修建阜(阳)金(华)铁路来解决上述问题。研究方法:通过分析沿线经济发展需求,我国铁路网结构,沿线矿产资源、旅游资源开发,解决贫困山区、库区人民脱贫致富等因素来论证修建华东第三通道的必要性,并参照实际情况论证其可行性。研究结果:华东第三通道主要以货运为主,兼顾客运,近期为单线,远期复线。在设计速度目标值上,不同地段,速度目标值相应变化。研究结论:构筑华东第三通道适应沿线经济发展需求,可解决沿长江中下游地区能源需求和原材料供应,满足沿海经济可持续发展的需要。