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《铁道标准设计通讯》2017,(11):82-85
地铁隧道结构稳定与地铁运营安全及舒适性紧密相关,地铁运营阶段的变形监测是确保结构稳定的重要措施。为探究地铁隧道基准点布置复杂情况,如点位破坏、集中布点与基准点距离变化等因素对水平位移监测精度影响,依托南京地铁某保护区的地铁变形监测数据,试算并讨论基准点数量、位置分布等因素与设站点精度间的对应关系,得出基准点数量与仪器测角精度是影响设站点精度的重要因素,并根据定量分析结果,给出地铁水平位移监测在满足精度要求条件下更加优化的实施建议。 相似文献
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ZHANG Hong-mei 《公路交通科技》2005,(Z2)
根据西部黄土高原区生态环境特征和西部交通建设的特点,提出公路交通建设中面临的主要生态问题,重点对西部交通建设中主要的生态环境问题进行了分析,在此基础上,建议在公路工程建设中应采取的生态环境保护措施。 相似文献
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针对智能船舶多传感器系统因未知海洋环境干扰和设备间干扰等因素导致的一个或数个传感器产生随机间歇性故障从而导致融合估计结果出现偏差甚至失真的问题,设计1种基于四分位滤波的容错方法,并针对该方法导致的观测时滞问题设计1种预报方法,提前预报观测值,进而抵消容错方法导致的时滞问题。此外,针对多传感器之间的互协方差难以准确估计的问题,采用CI融合估计方法进行融合估计。为验证算法的有效性和融合估计的精度,对带有间歇性故障的两传感器系统进行仿真试验,并与按矩阵、按对角阵和按标量3种分布式融合估计方法得到的结果进行对比。4种方法的均方误差系数大小对比结果显示,对于带间歇性故障的多传感器系统,设计的融合滤波不仅具有鲁棒性,而且具有较高的融合精度。 相似文献
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Management of coastal eutrophication: Integration of field data, ecosystem-scale simulations and screening models 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
A.M. Nobre J.G. Ferreira A. Newton T. Simas J.D. Icely R. Neves 《Journal of Marine Systems》2005,56(3-4):375-390
A hybrid approach for eutrophication assessment in estuarine and coastal ecosystems is presented. The ASSETS screening model (http://www.eutro.org) classifies eutrophication status into five classes: High (better), Good, Moderate, Poor and Bad (worse). This model was applied to a dataset from a shallow coastal barrier island system in southwest Europe (Ria Formosa), with a resulting score of Good. A detailed dynamic model was developed for this ecosystem, and the outputs were used to drive the screening model. Four scenarios were run on the research model: pristine, standard (simulates present loading), half and double the current nutrient loading. The Ria Formosa has a short water residence time and eutrophication symptoms are not apparent in the water column. However, benthic symptoms are expressed as excessive macroalgal growth and strong dissolved oxygen fluctuations in the tide pools. The standard simulation results showed an ASSETS grade identical to the field data application. The application of the screening model to the other scenario outputs showed the responsiveness of ASSETS to changes in pressure, state and response, scoring a grade of High under pristine conditions, Good for half the standard scenario and Moderate for double the present loadings. The use of this hybrid approach allows managers to test the outcome of measures against a set of well-defined metrics for the evaluation of state. It additionally provides a way of testing and improving the pressure component of ASSETS. Sensitivity analysis revealed that sub-sampling the output of the research model at a monthly scale, typical for the acquisition of field data, may significantly affect the outcome of the screening model, by overlooking extreme events such as occasional night-time anoxia in tide pools. 相似文献
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构建压力—状态—响应框架模型。对于可定量分析的指标,采用实地监测的方法来获取,对于定性描述的指标,采用专家咨询和分级打分的方法来获取。得到各个评价因子的数值后,采用层次分析法(AHP)来确定各个影响因子的权值,最后加权平均。以崇启高速公路施工期和营运期为例,对生态环境进行分析和评价。 相似文献
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马克思主义关于人与自然、自然异化和可持续发展理论,阐明了人与自然之间不可分割的关系,破坏或过度开发自然对人类的危害,资源、环境与人类之间的可持续发展关系等前瞻性观点,这是我国当代生态文明的重要思想源头。中国特色社会主义生态文明理论继续和发展了马克思主义的生态文明观,体现了马克思主义生态文明的价值诉求,是未来中国社会发展的重要目标。 相似文献
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The Arabian Sea exhibits a complex pattern of biogeochemical and ecological dynamics, which vary both seasonally and spatially. These dynamics have been studied using a one-dimensional vertical hydrodynamic model coupled to a complex ecosystem model, simulating the annual cycle at three contrasting stations. These stations are characterised by seasonally upwelling, mixed-layer-deepening and a-seasonal oligotrophic conditions, respectively, and coincide with extensively measured stations on the two JGOFS ARABESQUE cruises in 1994. The model reproduces many spatial and temporal trends in production, biomass, physical and chemical properties, both qualitatively and quantitatively and so gives insight into the main mechanisms responsible for the biogeochemical and ecological complexity. Monsoonal systems are typified by classical food web dynamics, whilst intermonsoonal and oligotrophic systems are dominated by the microbial loop. The ecosystem model (ERSEM), developed for temperate regions, is found to be applicable to the Arabian Sea system with little reparameterisation. Differences in in-situ physical forcing are sufficient to recreate contrasting eutrophic and oligotrophic systems, although the lack of lateral terms are probably the greatest source of error in the model. Physics, nutrients, light and grazing are all shown to play a role in controlling production and community structure. Small-celled phytoplanktons are predicted to be dominant and sub-surface chlorophyll maxima are robust centers of production during intermonsoon periods. Analysis of carbon fluxes indicate that physically driven outgassing of CO2 predominates in monsoonal upwelling systems but ecological activity may significantly moderate CO2 outgassing in the Arabian Sea interior. 相似文献