The cost of not holding back the sea: Toward a national sample of economic vulnerability

Abstract

National and regional estimates of U.S. economic vulnerability to greenhouse‐induced sea‐level rise are produced from a sample of 30 discrete regions scattered evenly along the coastline. Scenarios that envision 50 cm, 100 cm, and 200 cm of greenhouse‐induced sea‐level rise are considered. They can be expected to place $39.2, $65.6, and $133.3 billion, respectively, (1989 dollars) of existing development in jeopardy through 2050, and $133.3, $308.7, and $909.4 billion through 2100. Sampling error and consideration of the uncertainty with which we currently view future greenhouse‐induced sea‐level rise places the 25th and 75th percentile values of expected cumulative vulnerability at $38.5 and $76.7 billion through 2050 and $132.6 and $362.4 billion through 2100. Not surprisingly, the southeast displays the largest potential vulnerability, with the northeast ranking second above both the Gulf coast and the west coast.     

Environmental innovation and the role of stakeholder collaboration in West Coast port gateways

The paper explores the role of stakeholder collaboration in the adoption of innovations as part of the environmental and sustainability agenda of port gateways. We do this through a comparative assessment of the port of Vancouver, British Columbia, and the twin ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, California. An inductive research approach is used to identify and assess the initiation and implementation process behind exemplary innovations. Innovation includes new technologies and processes for handling and moving cargo, mechanisms for planning and policy making, as well as financing, implementing, upgrading, managing and operating infrastructure systems. A relatively new arena for competition on the basis of innovation concerns environmental performance. The conceptual framework and empirical evidence suggest that while there may be intense demand for and supply of innovation in port gateways, the complex dynamics of the logistics chain are such that successful innovation requires conscious involvement and collaboration of stakeholders.     

The economics of airport noise: How to manage markets for noise licenses

This paper discusses various issues in the implementation of a local market for aircraft noise licenses to solve the noise externalities harming the residents located near airports. The design of such markets is affected by aircraft heterogeneity, wind contingencies, peak times, runways capacity constraints, hub strategies, and airport planning is discussed.     

公路项目经济性与可持续性的相关探讨

文章针对我国目前公路建设项目前期论证中经济性分析存在的不足,将公路项目按照其不同的经济属性进行了较细致的划分,并在此基础上对公路项目的经济性与可持续性进行了详细论述,得出了项目的可持续性分析应成为公路建设项目经济性分析前提的结论。     

Determinants of airports’ environmental effects

Aviation is a fast growing sector with increasing environmental concerns linked to aircraft emissions at airports and noise nuisance. This paper investigates the factors affecting the annual environmental effects produced by a national aviation system. The environmental effects are computed using certification data for each aircraft-engine combination. Moreover, we also take into account for the amount of environmental effects that is internalized at the airport, mainly through noise regulation. We study a dataset covering information on Italian airports during the period 1999–2008. We show that a 1% increase in airport’s yearly movements yields a 1.05% increase in environmental effects, a 1% in aircraft size (measured in MTOW) gives rise to a 1.8% increase and a 1% increase in aircraft age generates a 0.69% increase in environmental effects. Similar results but with smaller magnitudes are observed if airport internalization is considered. Our policy implications are that the tariff internalizing the total amount of externality is about euro 180 per flight, while the tariff limiting only pollution is about euro 60 and the one reducing noise is about euro 110. Moreover, our airport examples show that managers should prefer to address additional capacity by increasing frequency rather than aircraft size, since the former strategy is more environmental friendly.     

海峡两岸海上直航客运分析

本文就目前海峡两岸海上客运直航问题，提出了“特别直航”的建议。在分析了客运船型、港口及航线经济效益后，得到了有益的结论。     

公路项目经济性与可持续性的相关探讨

针对我国目前公路建设项目前期论证中经济性分析存在的不足,将公路项目按照其不同的经济属性进行了较细致的划分,并在此基础上对公路项目的经济性与可持续性的相关性进行了详细论述,得出了项目的可持续性分析应成为公路建设项目经济性分析前提的结论。     

集装箱船舶大型化对中国班轮运输的影响

通过竞争情报分析提供了各班轮公司未来船队结构和运力的变化趋势,由此观察到各班轮公司为了降低自身的营运成本,在最近几年大量订购超巴拿马型甚至更大型的集装箱船舶参与运输,但是却不能达到其预期的规模效应。原因就在于相当一部分成本随着船型的增大而线性增加,规模不经济。我们探讨了中国的班轮运输市场的几个重要特点:中外贸易的不平衡导致了货源的不平衡;未来贸易结构的调整会影响航线的布局和调派;贸易上的不稳定因素使班轮公司遇到外在的风险。这些特点会深远地影响集装箱船舶大型化的经济受益,相反的,集装箱船舶大型化的趋势也会加剧这些负面的影响,危及整个班轮运输市场。     

财经类院校学生英语口语学习状况调查分析

在《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010—2020)》的指引下,财经类院校学生英语口语学习及教师教学凸显其专业方向性的特点。两类不同类型学生口语学习的实际需求决定了教学及考核方式改革的必要性,并不断解决语言能力和语言运用在学习及教学中的各种现实问题。     

新台高速公路加筋草皮护坡技术研究

通过采用三维植被网结合喷播建坪防护边坡这一新技术的试验，对其施工技术、抗侵蚀作用以及该方式的经济成本进行研究。试验表明：该项新技术对细砂质量土、高液限土边坡、夹砂及碎岩土边坡进行防护，坡面土壤流失量是纯草皮防护区的20%以下，并且在台风带来的特大暴雨情况下，挂网试验区没有发生明显的浅表层滑移。与其他圬工护坡措施相比，加筋草皮护坡造价减少50%-70%，该项技术为因地制宜地进行坡面防护提供了一种新的办法和多样性选择。