Effects of shadow evacuation on megaregion evacuations

Transportation systems serve important roles during emergencies, in particular for evacuations. However, efficient travel during these life-and-death scenarios can be adversely impacted by external conditions, such as unnecessary and unneeded travel. This research sought to enhance the understanding of the effects of these conditions by analyzing shadow evacuations, and their impact on regional traffic operations in megaregions, more broadly. The research was based on simulations of a range of hurricane evacuation threat scenarios in the Gulf of Mexico building upon prior study using TRANSIMS. These assessments are also targeted at what many assume could be worst case evacuation conditions and pushing the limits of current simulation modeling capability. Among the broader findings of this work was that shadow evacuation participation rates did not significantly impact the evacuation clearance times within mandatory evacuation areas of the megaregion as long as demand could be temporarily spread out. This finding does not, however, suggest that the shadow evacuations have no impact on evacuation processes. High rates of shadow evacuees can cause significant congestion if they are not able to exit critical routes before mandatory evacuees reach areas further away from the coast.     

地铁高密度行车时救援组织优化

通过对广州地铁2号线历年发生的救援事件进行简要统计,得知故障源主要来自牵引控制系统,分析主要故障原因,以及救援组织中存在的主要问题,包括司机不熟悉车辆故障处理指南,调度发布救援命令不及时,现场信息沟通不畅等。结合地铁高密度行车阶段的特点,计算受到救援影响的列车数量并分析晚点情况。有针对性地提出救援组织优化方案,包括优化改造旁路开关;改造断电区;优化救援旅行速度,以减少列车增晚;优化救援路径,避免二次中断;优化救援组织流程,提高效率,尝试"裸车"动车等,并将优化措施应用于广州地铁6号线,取得很好的效果。     

朔黄铁路隧道防灾监控及应急通信系统的应用

为保证铁路安全运输,有必要进行沿线隧道特别是长大隧道的防灾监控及应急通信系统的建设。以朔黄铁路长梁山隧道为例,介绍隧道防灾监控及应急通信系统的结构、组成及应用。     

铁路隧道防灾救援系统电气设计

以向莆铁路青云山隧道、武广客运专线浏阳河隧道、广深港客运专线狮子洋隧道为工程背景,通过分析长大山岭隧道和水下隧道防灾救援用电设施容量、分布特点、负荷等级,提出了铁路隧道防灾救援系统电气设计方案,包括防灾电源接引、供电方案、防灾应急照明、消防报警联动控制以及隧道特定环境下满足防火要求的主要电气设备材料选型。力求对我国铁路隧道防灾救援系统电气技术发展起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

桥上CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道台后锚固体系端刺结构受力变形特性

通过在高速铁路正线上开展长期温度荷载下的原位监测和列车制动荷载下的实车试验,以及运用ABAQUS有限元软件的数值计算,进行高速铁路桥上CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道倒T型和Π型台后锚固体系的端刺结构在温度力和制动力作用下的受力变形特性研究。结果表明:在降温和升温过程中,端刺结构周围土体压应力较大值主要出现在主端刺摩擦板的下部和桥台方向首个小端刺的位置,端刺结构变形主要以顶部弯拉为主,整体纵向变形较小;在紧急制动荷载的作用下,钢轨纵向应力、端刺纵向位移均随着轴重的增加而明显增大,但端刺纵向位移绝对值较小,与温度荷载作用相比,紧急制动荷载作用对端刺结构的影响小。     

浅谈高速铁路长大隧道应急通信

介绍了高速铁路长大隧道中的应急通信实现方案;提出了高速铁路中其他几种常用应急组网方式;对应急通信系统中的现场、基站/车站、指挥中心等相关设备进行了简单介绍。     

Locating emergency vehicles with an approximate queuing model and a meta-heuristic solution approach

In this paper, the location of emergency service (ES) vehicles is studied on fully connected networks. Queuing theory is utilized to obtain the performance metrics of the system. An approximate queuing model the (AQM) is proposed. For the AQM, different service rate formulations are constructed. These formulations are tested with a simulation study for different approximation levels. A mathematical model is proposed to minimize the mean response time of ES systems based on AQM. In the model, multiple vehicles are allowed at a single location. The objective function of the model has no closed form expression. A genetic algorithm is constructed to solve the model. With the help of the genetic algorithm, the effect of assigning multiple vehicles on the mean response time is reported.     

Studies on emergency evacuation management for maritime transportation

Marine transportation is a vital component of the world’s economy and transportation network. The number of people using passenger ships around the globe is increasing worldwide. Similar to other transportation systems, passenger safety is critical in maritime shipment. As emergency evacuation processes for ships are highly different from and more complicated than those for buildings and other vehicles, many researchers have published a vast range of documents related to this peculiar research area. However, there is a tangible lack of sufficient literature review studies that investigate marine emergency evacuation (MEE). That being the case, the potential of marine transportation and the effect of emergency evacuation operation on life safety have inspired the proposal of this study. This paper offers a review of the available literature on MEE modelling, analysis and planning during the period from 1973 to 2017 using a systematic approach. After reviewing relevant academic journals, peer-reviewed conference papers, and technical reports of agencies, relevant literature is analysed. In addition, the literature review is extended by means of proposing a framework methodology which considers different possible conditions and situations during MEE. Finally, insights for ship managers and policymakers are discussed and potential future research directions are identified.     

集装箱专用平车加装承载板实现滚装运输技术研究

为弥补应急情况下滚装运输所需平车数量缺口,同时为完善车辆自身应急保障能力,分析集装箱专用平车用于滚装运输需求,针对集装箱专用平车用于滚装运输存在的主要问题,提出在不改变车体结构前提下,通过加装承载板实现滚装运输的解决思路。结合集装箱专用平车结构特点,分析承载板的数量、尺寸、材质,设计承载板由承载面、横支撑架、渡板、斜支腿、受力面、绳拴构成,给出加装改造方法,并通过校核承载能力和研究适运范围,研究加装改造后的集装箱专用平车滚装运输能力,得出改造后的集装箱专用平车可以满足大部分滚装运输货物运输需要。     

救助船模拟器原型机关键技术研究

针对大风浪条件下救助船操纵训练的要求，有必要开发针对救助船的操纵模拟器。相比于传统的通用船舶模拟器，救助船模拟器原型机系统中引入六自由度平台运动系统，基于UDP协议传输船舶姿态数据实现实时体感模拟功能，可以模拟船舶在大风浪条件下剧烈摇动的操船环境，提高模拟训练的真实感。此外，系统中引入救助作业模拟模块的思想，可以更好地评估、训练船员在恶劣海况下配合其他救助人员完成救助任务的能力，提高执行海上救助任务的成功率与效率。