Time-series analysis of remote-sensed chlorophyll and environmental factors in the Santa Monica–San Pedro Basin off Southern California

The time-series of remote-sensed surface chlorophyll concentration measured by SeaWiFS radiometer from September 1997 to December 2001 and the relevant hydrological and meteorological factors (remote-sensed sea surface temperature, atmospheric precipitation, air temperature and wind stress) in Santa Monica Bay and adjacent waters off southern California were analyzed using wavelet and cross-correlation statistical methods. All parameters exhibited evident seasonal patterns of variation. Wavelet analysis revealed salient long-term variations most evident in air temperature during El Niño 1997–1998 and in wind stress during La Niña 1998–1999. Short-period (<100 days) variations of remote-sensed chlorophyll biomass were mostly typical to spring seasons. Chlorophyll biomass was significantly correlated with air temperature and wind stress: an increase of chlorophyll biomass followed with 5–6-day time lag an increase of wind stress accompanied by a simultaneous decrease of air temperature. The mechanism of these variations was an intensification of phytoplankton growth resulting from the mixing of water column by wind stress and entrainment of nutrients into the euphotic layer.     

Finite-difference simulation of green water impact on fixed and moving bodies

A numerical method was developed to predict the water impact pressure caused by green water phenomena. The density function method was employed in the framework of a locally refined overlapping grid system. The simple problem of a rectangular body placed in regular waves was considered and the simulation results were compared with tank experiments. Good agreement with experiment was shown for wave–body interactions and for the pressure values at three different positions on the body. The case of a rectangular body with a vertical wall on the deck was also considered and the comparison showed satisfactory agreement. It was demonstrated that this method could be extended to a moving body problem, in which the body was free to undergo heave, pitch, and surge motions.     

环境风险分析在港口规划环境影响评价中的应用

提出了适合于港口总体规划特点的环境风险评价的内容与模式,并通过在营口港总体规划环境风险分析中的应用,讨论了港口规划环境风险分析应注意的问题,认为港口总体规划的环境风险分析的重点在于最大可信事故的风险影响程度、范围与周边其它功能区及相邻敏感点的空间关系。     

基于马尔可夫链的极值波高预测

本文研究了由日最大波高系列估算设计极值波高时，相邻日最大波高间的相关性对极值预测的影响，从日最大波高系列遵从马尔可夫链的假定出发，考虑到国内外经常采用对数一正态分布的韦布尔分布拟合波高长期分布的现实，本文用解析法求解了对数一正态分布情况下的极值预测。同时，对解析法难以求解的非正态随机变量情况（如韦布尔分布），用计算机随机模拟方法求解其极值预测，用上述两种方法对北大西洋和北海有关日最大波高系列的预测     

汽车吸能转向机构与驾驶员碰撞的仿真与试验

利用非线性有限元方法建立了可收缩吸能转向机构与驾驶员所组成碰撞系统的仿真模型，深入讨论了碰撞仿真模型初始条件与边界条件的处理方法、材料非线性本构关系的选择、接触对摩擦系数的确定。并按照GB11557规定的要求，对人体模块有限元模型进行了验证。分析计算了吸能转向机构与人体模块碰撞时上下套管间的收缩位移和作用在转向柱上的碰撞力，并通过相应的碰撞台架试验验证了仿真结果的正确性。     

公路建设项目对生态环境影响及保护对策

针对高速公路建设项目的特点,从选取生态因子入手,采取定量分析的手段,研究高速公路建设对生态环境和景观的影响程度。结果表明:用8个生态因子进行生态环境影响综合评价,能够反映公路建设对生态环境的综合影响程度,并且具有计算简单和直观的效果。综合看来,这些定量方法对评价生态和景观受影响的程度效果较好。     

柔性约束颗粒冲击阻尼技术及应用

本文介绍了柔性约束颗粒击阻尼技术及其减振机理，并将该技术应用于薄密闭腔体壁板振动和内部噪声的控制。实验证明，该技术结构简便，控制频带宽，减振降噪效果显著。     

汽车-行人撞击事故过程仿真研究

根据中国人体特征参数建立了16刚体的行人模型,在人体的主要部位生成简易的弹簧阻尼运动关节。建立汽车模型与汽车行人碰撞模型,应用ADAMS软件模拟汽车行人碰撞过程。通过模拟不同速度下的汽车人体撞击,对事故发生过程进行再现,比较仿真数据和事故现场数据得到了事故中的汽车速度,从而为交通事故提供了一种有效的处理方法。     

Impact assessment of extreme weather events on transport networks: A data-driven approach

The present paper presents a data-driven method for assessing the resilience of the European passenger transport network during extreme weather events. The method aims to fill in the gap of current research efforts regarding the quantification of impacts attributed to climate change and the identification of substitutability opportunities between transport modes in case of extreme weather events (EWE). The proposed method consists of three steps concerning the probability estimation of an EWE occurring within a transportation network, the assessment of its impacts and the passengers’ flow shift between various transport modes. A mathematical formulation for the proposed data-driven method is provided and applied in an indicative European small-scale network, in order to assess the impacts of EWE on modal choice. Results are expressed in passenger differentiated flows and the paper concludes with future research steps and directions.     

Weight threshold estimation of falling UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) based on impact energy

Different weight thresholds for drone operations have been specified by regulatory agencies in different countries, without detailed backgrounds of guidelines. Therefore, this paper aims to study weight thresholds by focusing different levels of injuries caused by the impact of the drones on human head of different weights dropped at various heights. The work covers drone free drop modelling, FEM (finite element method) based impact modeling, and comparable drop impact experiments. The analyses and experiments were conducted accordingly to two individual commercially-available groups: small and large drones in weights. Two well-established indicators defining head injuries due to impact, which are known as Head Injury Criterion (HIC) and Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), are used in the present weight threshold study. The proposed AIS level for the weight threshold estimation has been set at AIS level 3, which indicates major skull fracture, in the further analysis through the probability of fatality. The main focus of the present work is to perform a parametric study and to present a reliable model to estimate the weight thresholds of the drone operations based on HIC and AIS. In conclusion, the results obtained and presented in this paper have demonstrated and provided a comprehensive analysis of possible direct injuries of a falling drone impacting a human head, with relevant data of impact or injury levels associated with HIC and AIS obtained for a drone with different weights falling from various heights.