Use of localized necking and fracture as a failure criterion in ship collision analysis

This study explores the use of localized necking for failure modeling in maritime crash analysis, using large shell elements. The assumption that the failure of a large shell element occurs simultaneously with the onset of localized necking is revisited. This study particularly investigates the numerical implementation of the localized necking condition and its implications on the results of ship collision analysis involving not only plate rupture but also various failure mechanisms such as the crushing and tearing of web girders, stringers, and their intersections. Through a series of large-scale collision simulations, the effects of bending deformation on the initiation of necking, non-proportional loading paths, and ductile fractures not preceded by localized necking, are investigated. It is demonstrated that a localized necking-based fracture model provides a reasonable, relatively mesh-insensitive estimate of the onset of fracture in the outer hull panels; however, fracture propagation is very sensitive to the numerical implementation of the necking and fracture model, especially for the cases involving the crushing of web frames and stringers.     

Reliability-based calibration of fatigue design guidelines for ship structures

A simple reliability-based framework is applied to calibrate a new set of fatigue design guidelines. This new guideline considers two different approaches for the assessment of both loads, stresses and local stress raising effects, and partial safety factors must be given for any combination of these approaches. For the calibration, the lognormal reliability format is adopted because the hereby-derived partial safety factors can be combined arbitrarily. This means that with a few basic partial safety factors, the combination of partial safety factors to be applied together with any combination of calculation approaches can be determined easily. In the present paper both the adopted reliability format, the applied modeling of uncertainties and the selected target safety index are explained. Based on this, a new guideline is calibrated and the derived partial safety factors are presented. Finally, the new guideline is applied through a numerical example in order to show the applicability of the calibrated partial safety factors, and satisfactory results are found.     

评价沥青胶结料疲劳性能的试验方法

主要介绍了国外研究较为成熟的两种评价沥青胶结料疲劳性能的试验方法,以及两种方法的试验原理和过程,并分析了G＊sinδ与DER指标在评价疲劳性能方面的有效性.     

T型管节点焊趾表面裂纹扩展行为的三维断裂力学分析

本文对海上平台T型管节点焊趾三维空间翘曲表面裂纹问题用6869自由度、半带宽1187的特大规模作了三维有限元分析，计算了沿裂纹前缘的KⅠ、KⅡ和KⅢ分布。在此基础上，对焊趾表面裂纹的疲劳扩展行为作了分析，绘制了裂纹扩展特性曲线，并根据特性曲线对扩展寿命进行了估算。预测结果与海上平台管节点委员会的试验结果相符。     

铁路货物运输的随机过程分析和及时送达概率估计

应用随机过程理论，分析铁路运输系统中货物及时送达的概率分布，得到货物运输延续时间的平均值，为实现用户要求的运到期限提供了合理保证，并可通过评估与货主商定的运到期限与实际货物送达时间误差的概率，来找到货物及时送达过程中的关键环节，改进货物送达流程。最后举例说明它的应用。     

肌肉疲劳过程肌电变化实验观察

为探讨肌电技术可否用于评价肌肉疲劳，２０名受试者在实验室取坐姿，手持不同负荷，记录和分析肌肉疲劳过程肌电变化情况，结果表明随着负荷增加，肌电的积分值（ＩＥＭＧ）增加，随着时间延长，ＩＥＭＧ值先升高后下降，实验结束时ＩＥＭＧ降至最低值，受试者感觉疲劳程度逐渐增加，分析认为ＩＥＭＧ值低于初始值时出现疲劳，疲劳时肌电功率谱左移。     

大跨度悬索桥抖振的概率疲劳累积损伤分析

为探讨脉动风作用下大跨度悬索桥的抖振疲劳问题,在桥梁抖振时域分析基础上,得到悬索桥构件的应力响应时程.采用雨流计数法对不同等级风速作用下的应力循环进行统计,同时假设构件疲劳寿命服从威布尔分布,得到风振的疲劳累积损伤及可靠度分析方法.最后以东海某大跨悬索桥为对象进行了详细探讨.结果表明:该桥的主缆及吊杆在脉动风荷载作用下有足够的疲劳可靠度,不会出现疲劳破坏;加劲梁在高风速下抖振疲劳损伤较大,在运营过程中,应加强对加劲梁在强风作用后的损伤检测.     

浅析微机监测轨道电压超限报警

轨道电压是衡量轨道电路运用状态好坏的重要参数,微机监测中轨道电压日报表中的超限报警信息是提前发现轨道电路是否存在隐患的重要依据。但日报表中提供的超限报警信息量比较大,有的是设备问题、有的是监测问题、还有的是车辆运行问题,怎样从这大量的信息中查找、发现有价值的信息才是进行微机监测调看分析的目的。     

复合轨枕无砟轨道疲劳试验研究

复合轨枕无砟轨道是一种新型轨枕无砟轨道结构,通过开展复合轨枕无砟轨道疲劳试验研究其疲劳性能。试验建立复合轨枕无砟轨道实尺模型并对其施加300万次疲劳荷载,观察轨道各部件在疲劳加载前后的伤损情况,测试疲劳加载前后钢轨、复合轨枕、道床板相对位移变化、轨距变化和道床板受力变化。试验结果发现:无砟轨道及其各部件在疲劳试验中均未出现疲劳损伤;轨道结构部件位移在加载前期略有波动,后逐渐减小并趋于稳定,道床板受力满足规范要求。研究结果表明:复合轨枕无砟轨道具有一定耐久性,为其进一步推广和应用奠定了基础。     

钢制车体疲劳强度校核方法

介绍了在缺乏材料疲劳性能数据时进行钢制车体疲劳强度校核的方法,从静态应力极限值和焊接疲劳数据的选取、Goodman疲劳极限线图的绘制方法、常用焊接接头类型、疲劳许用应力极限的确定、设计应用等方面对该方法进行了讨论。