Investigating the influence of soil properties on railway traffic vibration using a numerical model

This paper presents the influence of dynamic and geometrical soil parameters on the propagation of ground vibrations induced by external loads. The proposed approach is based on a three-dimensional model, focusing on realistic excitation sources like impulse loads and moving railway vehicles. For the latter, a complete vehicle/track model is developed. The simulation is performed in time domain, offering an interesting approach, compared with classic cyclic analyses. The ground is modelled initially as an elastic homogeneous half-space and additionally as a layered half-space. First, the effect of homogeneous soil properties on ground vibration is analysed. Soil stratification is then taken into account, using various configurations. Analysis reveals that as receiver distance increases ground wave reflection in a layered ground plays an important role in the reduction of ground surface motion. This effect is magnified when the phase velocity wavelength becomes large compared with the depth of the surface layer.     

改善刚柔过渡区域弓网关系的探讨

对刚柔过渡区域刚性和柔性接触网的弹性不同及接触线高度不等情况进行了定性及定量分析,找出该区域弓网关系恶劣的原因,并针对原因提出改善刚柔过渡区域弓网关系的解决方案。     

轮轨噪声预测与控制方法综述

通过建立轮轨噪声预测模型,给出了车轮、钢轨辐射噪声声压级谱计算式。利用有关文献中的数据,对轮轨噪声进行了预测。从轮轨接触表面的不平顺、车轮、钢轨和声源等角度讨论了轮轨噪声的控制。     

空间复合材料加筋板流固耦合振动分析

本文用结构有限元与流体边界元方法研究了空间复合材料加筋板结构的流固耦合自由振动，推导了用于结构分析的分项插值型复合材料八节点板单元和三节点梁单元，以及用于流场分析的线性边界单元。用修正的RIRZ向量法与波前法相结合的方法求解特征值问题，避免了因附连水质量引起的结构质量矩阵为满阵的内存困难和非对称矩阵方程约化困难。算例表明，附连水质量对复合材料结构的动力特性影响要比各向同性材料严重得多。     

A survey of wheel–rail contact models for rail vehicles

Accurate and efficient contact models for wheel–rail interaction are essential for the study of the dynamic behaviour of a railway vehicle. Assessment of the contact forces and moments, as well as contact geometry provide a fundamental foundation for such tasks as design of braking and traction control systems, prediction of wheel and rail wear, and evaluation of ride safety and comfort. This paper discusses the evolution and the current state of the theories for solving the wheel–rail contact problem for rolling stock. The well-known theories for modelling both normal contact (Hertzian and non-Hertzian) and tangential contact (Kalker's linear theory, FASTSIM, CONTACT, Polach's theory, etc.) are reviewed. The paper discusses the simplifying assumptions for developing these models and compares their functionality. The experimental studies for evaluation of contact models are also reviewed. This paper concludes with discussing open areas in contact mechanics that require further research for developing better models to represent the wheel–rail interaction.     

路堤荷载下复合地基变形及荷载传递规律研究

基于文献[1]推荐的竖向变形模式及文献[2]推荐的径向变形模式,利用弹性理论及桩 土位移协调条件建立了桩及桩周土的控制微分方程,并由此推出了路堤荷载作用下复合地基加固区内桩及桩周土压缩量计算的解析算式,同时得出了桩、桩周土中竖向应力及桩侧剪应力计算的解析算式。为验证本文方法的可行性,通过算例将本文方法所得结果与有限元结果进行了对比,同时也与模型实验结果进行了比较。算例及模型实验结果均表明,本文方法对分析路堤荷载作用下复合地基的荷载传递规律及加固区的变形具有足够的精度,且该法计算工作量小,便于工程应用。     

门式双排抗滑桩设计计算方法及工程应用研究

门式双排抗滑桩是一种较为新型的支护结构,首先考虑前、后桩及连系梁作用,推导了滑坡推力作用下双排抗滑桩桩间土压力计算公式;然后,针对门式双排抗滑桩受力特点,将抗滑桩划分为受荷段与嵌固端,采用工程中常用的地基系数“m-k”法推导了各特征段的微分方程,在此基础上,根据前、后桩及连系梁的边界条件,利用有限差分方法对微分方程求解,建立了门式双排抗滑桩内力及位移计算方法.工程实例分析验证了该方法的可行性,可为类似工程设计提供参考.     

Mathematical modelling of train–turnout interaction

The paper proposes a mathematical model of train–turnout interaction in the mid-frequency range (0–500 Hz). The model accounts for the effects of rail profile variation along the track and of local variation of track flexibility. The proposed approach is able to represent the condition of one wheel being simultaneously in contact with more than one rail, allowing the accurate prediction of the effect of wheels being transferred from one rail to another when passing over the switch toe and the crossing nose. Comprehensive results of train–turnout interaction during the negotiation of the main and the branch lines are presented, including the effect of wear of wheel/rail profiles and presence of track misalignment. In the final part of the paper, comparisons are performed between the results of numerical simulations and line measurements performed on two different turnouts for urban railway lines, showing a good agreement between experimental and numerical results.     

Theoretical and experimental excitation force spectra for railway-induced ground vibration: vehicle–track–soil interaction,irregularities and soil measurements

Excitation force spectra are necessary for a realistic prediction of railway-induced ground vibration. The excitation forces cause the ground vibration and they are themselves a result of irregularities passed by the train. The methods of the related analyses – the wavenumber integration for the wave propagation in homogeneous or layered soils, the combined finite-element boundary-element method for the vehicle–track–soil interaction – have already been presented and are the base for the advanced topic of this contribution. This contribution determines excitation force spectra of railway traffic by two completely different methods. The forward analysis starts with vehicle, track and soil irregularities, which are taken from literature and axle-box measurements, calculates the vehicle–track interaction and gets theoretical force spectra as the result. The second method is a backward analysis from the measured ground vibration of railway traffic. A calculated or measured transfer function of the soil is used to determine the excitation force spectrum of the train. A number of measurements of different soils and different trains with different speeds are analysed in that way. Forward and backward analysis yield the same approximate force spectra with values around 1 kN for each axle and third of octave.     

Influence of some vehicle and track parameters on the environmental vibrations induced by railway traffic

A study is performed on the influence of some typical railway vehicle and track parameters on the level of ground vibrations induced in the neighbourhood. The results are obtained from a previously validated simulation framework considering in a first step the vehicle/track subsystem and, in a second step, the response of the soil to the forces resulting from the first analysis. The vehicle is reduced to a simple vertical 3-dof model, corresponding to the superposition of the wheelset, the bogie and the car body. The rail is modelled as a succession of beam elements elastically supported by the sleepers, lying themselves on a flexible foundation representing the ballast and the subgrade. The connection between the wheels and the rails is realised through a non-linear Hertzian contact. The soil motion is obtained from a finite/infinite element model. The investigated vehicle parameters are its type (urban, high speed, freight, etc.) and its speed. For the track, the rail flexural stiffness, the railpad stiffness, the spacing between sleepers and the rail and sleeper masses are considered. In all cases, the parameter value range is defined from a bibliographic browsing. At the end, the paper proposes a table summarising the influence of each studied parameter on three indicators: the vehicle acceleration, the rail velocity and the soil velocity. It namely turns out that the vehicle has a serious influence on the vibration level and should be considered in prediction models.