ROV attitude control based on multi-motor cooperative propulsion北大核心CSCD

[目的]为了提高遥控水下航行器(ROV)在复杂水下环境中的姿态控制性能,开展多电机协同推进的ROV姿态控制研究。[方法]首先,针对多电机系统的结构和算法,分别提出一种基于PID速度补偿器的偏差耦合结构和一种新型非奇异终端滑模控制(SMC)算法,并设计一种新颖的基于多电机协同推进的ROV姿态控制方法;然后,建立ROV的运动学和动力学模型,开展推进器组推力建模分析、解耦简化ROV动力学模型研究;最后,设计一种ROV滑模姿态控制器。[结果]仿真结果表明,所提的结构和算法可提高多电机系统的抗干扰性、同步性和快速响应能力,进而提高ROV姿态控制系统的稳定性与鲁棒性。[结论]所提方法可为ROV姿态控制提供一种新的可用方案。     

Development and prospects of initial alignment method for strap-down inertial navigation system北大核心CSCD

Initial alignment technology is directly related to the navigation accuracy and startup time of the strap-down inertial navigation system (SINS), and has always been regarded as a challenging focal point in the research field of inertial navigation. This paper makes a comprehensive survey of SINS initial alignment technology, briefly introduces the basic principles of initial alignment without latitude, coarse alignment with known latitude and precise alignment, and points out their advantages, disadvantages and applicable conditions. The research and effects of existing initial alignment error suppression techniques are then analyzed and discussed. Finally, according to the problems of existing initial alignment methods and the development requirements of the carrier, the future research direction of SINS initial alignment technology is predicted. © 2022 Journal of Clinical Hepatology. All rights reserved.     

Economic and ecological optimization of electric bus charging considering variable electricity prices and CO2eq intensities

In many cities, diesel buses are being replaced by electric buses with the aim of reducing local emissions and thus improving air quality. The protection of the environment and the health of the population is the highest priority of our society. For the transport companies that operate these buses, not only ecological issues but also economic issues are of great importance. Due to the high purchase costs of electric buses compared to conventional buses, operators are forced to use electric vehicles in a targeted manner in order to ensure amortization over the service life of the vehicles. A compromise between ecology and economy must be found in order to both protect the environment and ensure economical operation of the buses.In this study, we present a new methodology for optimizing the vehicles’ charging time as a function of the parameters CO_2eq emissions and electricity costs. Based on recorded driving profiles in daily bus operation, the energy demands of conventional and electric buses are calculated for the passenger transportation in the city of Aachen in 2017. Different charging scenarios are defined to analyze the influence of the temporal variability of CO_2eq intensity and electricity price on the environmental impact and economy of the bus. For every individual day of a year, charging periods with the lowest and highest costs and emissions are identified and recommendations for daily bus operation are made. To enable both the ecological and economical operation of the bus, the parameters of electricity price and CO₂ are weighted differently, and several charging periods are proposed, taking into account the priorities previously set. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the influence of selected parameters and to derive recommendations for improving the ecological and economic balance of the battery-powered electric vehicle.In all scenarios, the optimization of the charging period results in energy cost savings of a maximum of 13.6% compared to charging at a fixed electricity price. The savings potential of CO_2eq emissions is similar, at 14.9%. From an economic point of view, charging between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m. results in the lowest energy costs on average. The CO_2eq intensity is also low in this period, but midday charging leads to the largest savings in CO_2eq emissions. From a life cycle perspective, the electric bus is not economically competitive with the conventional bus. However, from an ecological point of view, the electric bus saves on average 37.5% CO_2eq emissions over its service life compared to the diesel bus. The reduction potential is maximized if the electric vehicle exclusively consumes electricity from solar and wind power.     

面向新型混合交通流的智能交叉口网络布局优化

考虑网联自动驾驶车辆(Connected Autonomous Vehicle, CAV)应用先进的车联网与自动驾驶技术，可以采用智能交叉口的组织形式，大幅提升交叉口的通行效率，为降低CAV与人工驾驶车辆(Human-driven Vehicle, HV)混行条件下城市交通系统的整体出行成本，提出智能交叉口在城 市交通网络中的布局优化问题，建立数学优化模型并求解。首先，基于对两类车辆行驶特性的分析，建立混合用户均衡模型，描述CAV与HV的路径选择行为；其次，从交通规划者的角度，以系统最优为目标，整合混合用户均衡模型，建立面向新型混合交通流的智能交叉口网络布局优化模型，并利用改进的遗传算法求解；最后，选取Sioux-Falls交通网络作为案例分析，验证模型与算法的有效性，并研究CAV渗透率变化对优化结果的影响。研究表明，智能交叉口在城市路网中的合理规划极大地提高了新型混行场景下城市交通系统的出行效率，同时，大幅降低了由于网联自动 驾驶单方面技术优势带来的CAV与HV的出行效率差距，增进了出行公平性。     

船台测量场中多级转站的不确定度

对在船台测量场内利用全站仪进行多级转站测量时误差的传递过程进行研究,分析误差的来源及其累积方法,建立转站过程中误差传递的数学模型,并据此推导出多级转站测量的系统误差传递公式及其不确定度估计公式。采用蒙特卡洛方法开展考虑全站仪测量误差的多级转站过程仿真试验,并将仿真结果与计算结果相对比。结果表明,提出的误差估计方法能较好地反映多级转站时误差的传递过程和不确定度的分布规律。     

基于车辆自动定位数据的有轨电车运行效率分析与应用

结合有轨电车线路的现有车辆自动定位数据,分析有轨电车运行效率及其相关影响因素。其中,影响因素从站台、路段、交叉口3个方面进行考虑。定性分析了不同站台型式、站台位置、交叉口类型的属性特征,并量化不同路段的路段长度、所包含的交叉口个数,同时考虑了交叉口控制策略对有轨电车运行时间的影响。以某已运营的有轨电车线路为例,通过建立多元线性回归模型,从不同层面探究不同因素对已运营有轨电车线路运行效率的影响。最后用模型对有轨电车新建线路的运行效率进行预测,并提出建议。     

Effects of shadow evacuation on megaregion evacuations

Transportation systems serve important roles during emergencies, in particular for evacuations. However, efficient travel during these life-and-death scenarios can be adversely impacted by external conditions, such as unnecessary and unneeded travel. This research sought to enhance the understanding of the effects of these conditions by analyzing shadow evacuations, and their impact on regional traffic operations in megaregions, more broadly. The research was based on simulations of a range of hurricane evacuation threat scenarios in the Gulf of Mexico building upon prior study using TRANSIMS. These assessments are also targeted at what many assume could be worst case evacuation conditions and pushing the limits of current simulation modeling capability. Among the broader findings of this work was that shadow evacuation participation rates did not significantly impact the evacuation clearance times within mandatory evacuation areas of the megaregion as long as demand could be temporarily spread out. This finding does not, however, suggest that the shadow evacuations have no impact on evacuation processes. High rates of shadow evacuees can cause significant congestion if they are not able to exit critical routes before mandatory evacuees reach areas further away from the coast.     

基于卡尔曼滤波的交叉口动态O-D反推模型与算法

交叉口各进出口道之间的实时转向交通量是信号控制系统重要的输入数据,也是难以获得的数据.针对已有模型收敛速度较慢、无法满足实际系统应用需要的问题,提出了基于卡尔曼滤波的状态空间模型,设计了顺序卡尔曼滤波进行求解,并采用裁切和标准化对反推结果进行了修正.实例研究表明,模型和算法具有较高的效率和准确性,能够为实时自适应信号控制系统的开发提供支持.     

S^2 BHCA Multiple AUVs cooperation oriented control architecture

Oceanographic survey, or other similar applications should be the applications of multiple AUVs. In this paper, the skill ＆ simulation based hybrid control architecture （S^2BHCA） as the controller＇s design reference was proposed. It is a multi-robot cooperation oriented intelligent control architecture based on hybrid ideas. The S^2BHCA attempts to incorporate the virtues of the reactive controller and of the deliberative controller by introducing the concept of the ＂skill＂. The additional online task simulation ability for cooperation is supported, too. As an application, a multiple AUV control system was developed with three ＂skills＂ for the MCM mission including two different cooperative tasks. The simulation and the sea trials show that simple task expression, fast reaction and better cooperation support can be achieved by realizing the AUV controller based on the S^2BHCA.     

列车通信网络研究现状及展望

介绍了列车通信网络的主要任务和列车通信网络的拓扑结构,阐述了列车通信网络(TCN)的发展历程及目前国内外列车通信网络的发展现状,并展望了列车通信网络技术的发展趋势。