行人保护法规及有利于行人保护的车身结构

行人保护是目前迅速发展的研究领域。特别对我国这样一个交通密集。行人众多的国家。行人保护的研究具有特殊的重要意义。文中描述了行人保护的研究历史。将欧洲行人保护法规和Euro NCAP对行人保护的要求进行了对照。并从假人和车身结构两个方面介绍了行人保护的研究成果。并对车身设计提出了建议。     

Weight threshold estimation of falling UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) based on impact energy

Different weight thresholds for drone operations have been specified by regulatory agencies in different countries, without detailed backgrounds of guidelines. Therefore, this paper aims to study weight thresholds by focusing different levels of injuries caused by the impact of the drones on human head of different weights dropped at various heights. The work covers drone free drop modelling, FEM (finite element method) based impact modeling, and comparable drop impact experiments. The analyses and experiments were conducted accordingly to two individual commercially-available groups: small and large drones in weights. Two well-established indicators defining head injuries due to impact, which are known as Head Injury Criterion (HIC) and Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), are used in the present weight threshold study. The proposed AIS level for the weight threshold estimation has been set at AIS level 3, which indicates major skull fracture, in the further analysis through the probability of fatality. The main focus of the present work is to perform a parametric study and to present a reliable model to estimate the weight thresholds of the drone operations based on HIC and AIS. In conclusion, the results obtained and presented in this paper have demonstrated and provided a comprehensive analysis of possible direct injuries of a falling drone impacting a human head, with relevant data of impact or injury levels associated with HIC and AIS obtained for a drone with different weights falling from various heights.     

疏水色谱分离人腮腺液蛋白影响因素初探

初步建立了一种分离纯化人腮腺液蛋白的方法。探讨了样品的预处理、不同固定相、流动相以及不同检测波长等因素对正常人腮腺液蛋白疏水色谱分离的影响。结果在４０ｍｉｎ梯度内，以２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ硫酸铵为Ａ流动相，以０．０５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸二氢钾为Ｂ流动相（１００％Ａ∶０％５～０％Ａ∶１００％Ｂ），腮腺液蛋白被分离出６个峰。经生化方法证实，用疏水色谱分离人唾液蛋白的方法，分离度好，保持了蛋白样品的生物活性，且样品处理简单，可成为研究人唾液蛋白成分的一种较理想的方法。     

正面碰撞试验中转向管柱运动与假人头部伤害指标研究

通过统计18个车型的《乘用车正面碰撞成员保护》（GB 11551-2003）和《防止汽车转向机构对驾驶员伤害的规定》（GB 11557-2011）中两类正面碰撞试验的试验结果,分析这两种碰撞试验中转向管柱位移与假人头部伤害指标之间的相对关系,得出了转向管柱上移量对假人头部伤害指标HIC的影响比较大的结论,为改进车辆被动安全性能提供了方向.     

行人保护气囊设计与验证

在近几年我国实际交通事故中,超过70%的事故涉及弱势道路使用者,汽车对他们的保护需求日益凸显。本文中基于一款A级轿车,对能保护弱势道路使用者头部、并与弹起式发动机罩相配合的保护气囊(简称行人气囊)进行了设计和验证。首先,设计行人气囊的包型和布置,基于弹起式发动机罩仿真行人气囊头型冲击、联动展开等工况;其次,利用试验和理论推导对仿真结果进行验证,修正行人气囊和弹起式发动机罩的关键参数;最后,基于C-NCAP头型冲击试验,探究该行人气囊的保护效果。试验结果表明,基于该车开发的行人气囊对头部的保护效果良好,伤害降低60%以上,得分率高达93.1%。     

汽车与不同形式高速公路护栏碰撞的试验研究

汽车与高速公路护栏碰撞事故中,护栏不仅有拦截、导向作用,还要有良好的缓冲吸能特性,以减小由于乘坐空间过度变形以及人与车内物体二次碰撞对乘员的伤害。通过实车与两种不同形式护栏的碰撞试验,研究车辆、护栏碰撞中的动态响应,分析护栏、汽车和乘员的特性以及相互关系;护栏的不同结构形式与安装方式对乘员的安全性的影响,为高速公路护栏的设计、施工以及在不同地点的设置提供有益的借鉴。