基于径向基函数响应面方法的大跨度斜拉桥有限元模型修正

采用ANSYS有限元软件建立某大跨度斜拉桥试验室物理模型的三维有限元模型.基于灵敏度分析,选取模型待修正参数和用于模型修正的特征量.采用实验设计方法生成数样本,通过有限元分析提取对应的特征量信息,进而建立待修正参数与特征量关系的径向基函数响应面模型.通过对响应面模型的拟合误差分析,确定径向基函数的最优形状参数.以斜拉桥自振频率和静态索力构建目标函数.基于建立的响应面模型,采用遗传优化算法进行有限元模型修正.结果表明,采用径向基函数响应面模型拟合斜拉桥设计参数与特征量之间的隐式关系有较高的精度;基于仿真数据的模型修正有较高的精度,基于试验数据的模型修正能得到合理的结果,该方法可有效地修正复杂桥梁结构有限元模型.     

三轴汽车前后轮角输入时的响应特性

本文详细推导了三轴汽车线性二自由度模型的运动微分方程，分析了汽车对前后轮角输入时的移居记响应特性。从汽车动力学的角度讨论了前后轮转应具备的比例关系。该方法同样适用于其它多轴汽车的建模分析。     

正交异性钢桥面沥青铺装结构特性的研究

利用直线式加速加载试验系统,对12种沥青铺装方案进行了大型直道足尺试验。研究了正交异性钢桥面板的受力特点和动荷载作用下的响应特性,分析了导致钢桥面沥青铺装层产生疲劳破坏形式的原因,指出了现行钢桥面沥青铺装设计存在的主要问题,并针对目前钢桥面沥青铺装设计提出建议。     

钱江四桥抗震性能分析

根据钱江四桥地震危险性分析得到的地震动参数,基于两水准设防、两阶段设计的抗震设计思想,采用反应谱和时程分析两种方法对该桥的抗震性能进行了比较分析,分析时考虑了桩-土的相互作用及材料、伸缩缝、支座等非线形效应影响。研究结果表明:钱江四桥的抗震性能满足预期的设计性能目标,不会因地震而破坏。     

确定弹塑性桥梁结构地震响应的能力谱方法及其分类

介绍了能力谱方法的主要原理、计算方法和分类,说明了能力谱方法作为一种基于性能的能力谱方法在确定结构弹塑性地震响应中的重要地位。     

Estimating the robustness of questionnaire results: lessons from a mixed-mode survey of expectations for tele-working and road-based business travel

The robustness of questionnaire results to various forms of bias are explored in the context of a dual-mode (web and hardcopy) survey of employers’ anticipations of levels of employee commuting and business travel activity under a range of future ICT scenarios. The questionnaire incorporated several innovative features which, together with the dual-mode format, allowed an unusually wide range of analyses. For example: the robustness of respondents’ opinions was tested by examining the effect of incorporating alternative versions of a briefing text, one being very positive and one very negative, about the role of ICT; instrument bias was identified via detailed comparison of the results from the two versions of the questionnaire; and the impact of exogenous factors which are often ignored or taken as constant was assessed via special supplementary questions. Analysis showed that the robustness of opinions and expectations varied and was influenced by respondent characteristics, and that results from the two versions of the questionnaire differed significantly. It is concluded that opinions and expectations are less robust, and questionnaire results are more subject to bias and myopic interpretation, than is generally recognised and that web-based surveys seem particularly vulnerable to sampling bias. Methods are suggested for measuring robustness, for reducing bias and for validating and contextualising results. The use of contrasting briefing texts is recommended as a means of establishing the robustness of opinions and expectations while supplementary questions are recommended for validating and contextualising SP and SE exercises.

Time taken for residents to adopt a new public transport service: examining heterogeneity through duration modelling

When a new public transport service is introduced it would be valuable for public authorities, financing organisations and transport operators to know how long it will take for people to start to use the service and what factors influence this. This paper presents results from research analysing the time taken for residents living close to a new guided bus service to start to use (or adopt) the service. Data was obtained from a sample of residents on whether they used the new service and the number of weeks after the service was introduced before they first used it. Duration modelling has been used to analyse how the likelihood of starting to use the new service changes over time (after the introduction of the service) and to examine what factors influence this. It is found that residents who have not used the new service are increasingly unlikely to use it as time passes. Those residents gaining greater accessibility benefits from the new service are found to be quicker to use the service, although the size of this effect is modest compared to that of other between-resident differences. Allowance for the possibility that there existed a proportion of the sample that would never use the new service was tested using a split population model (SPD) model. The SPD model indicates that 36% of residents will never use the new service and is informative in differentiating factors that influence whether Route 20 is used and when it is used.

水平地震作用下单桩横向非线性动力响应的三维有限元数值模拟

针对水平地震作用下的桩土相互作用体系,利用有限元软件ANSYS建立了单桩-地基土系统三维有限元模型。运用此模型,对系统进行考虑地基土的材料非线性和桩土界面状态非线性的单桩横向地震响应计算,并进行了自由场响应的计算。计算结果表明:土体的材料非线性与桩土界面状态的非线性特性对单桩的横向水平地震响应有着一定的影响。     

高填土路堤边坡地震稳定性静动力法比较分析

研究用不同的计算方法，输入不同的地震波和地震烈度，同时结合路堤有关参数的变化，找出高填土路堤边坡稳定系数的变化规律。计算分析时采用静力法、拟静力法、静力有限元法和动力有限元法；动力反应分析时分别输入美国EL Centro地震波和按规范反应谱拟合的人工合成地震波。结果表明：路堤有关填土参数的变化对稳定系数的影响程度各不相同。     

落实科学发展观 提高辽宁辖区船舶溢油应急处置能力

船舶数量的增多和船舶大型化，使海上因船舶交通事故引发的船舶溢油风险概率大增。一直以来。由于我国对船舶溢油应急处置能力建设的滞后，有效应对海上溢油尤其是突发性重大溢油事故的能力还很弱，因此，尽快提高溢油应急处置能力具有重大的现实意义。文中从提高对船舶溢油应急处置能力重要性的认识出发。科学分析了造成应急处置能力低的根源，并从落实科学发展观的角度，具体提出了有效提高海上溢油应急处置能力的方法和途径。