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The robustness of questionnaire results to various forms of bias are explored in the context of a dual-mode (web and hardcopy)
survey of employers’ anticipations of levels of employee commuting and business travel activity under a range of future ICT
scenarios. The questionnaire incorporated several innovative features which, together with the dual-mode format, allowed an
unusually wide range of analyses. For example: the robustness of respondents’ opinions was tested by examining the effect
of incorporating alternative versions of a briefing text, one being very positive and one very negative, about the role of
ICT; instrument bias was identified via detailed comparison of the results from the two versions of the questionnaire; and
the impact of exogenous factors which are often ignored or taken as constant was assessed via special supplementary questions.
Analysis showed that the robustness of opinions and expectations varied and was influenced by respondent characteristics,
and that results from the two versions of the questionnaire differed significantly. It is concluded that opinions and expectations
are less robust, and questionnaire results are more subject to bias and myopic interpretation, than is generally recognised
and that web-based surveys seem particularly vulnerable to sampling bias. Methods are suggested for measuring robustness,
for reducing bias and for validating and contextualising results. The use of contrasting briefing texts is recommended as
a means of establishing the robustness of opinions and expectations while supplementary questions are recommended for validating
and contextualising SP and SE exercises.
Peter Bonsall Professor of Transport Planning at the Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds. His research interests include: use of innovative data sources, microsimulation, multi-criteria appraisal of policy interventions, travellers’ perception of modal attributes, their ability to cope with uncertainty and complexity and their response to new information and charges. Jeremy Shires Senior Research Fellow at the Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds. His research interests include behavioural modelling, the impact of “soft factors” on travel, stated preference design and public transport demand modelling. 相似文献
Peter BonsallEmail: |
Peter Bonsall Professor of Transport Planning at the Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds. His research interests include: use of innovative data sources, microsimulation, multi-criteria appraisal of policy interventions, travellers’ perception of modal attributes, their ability to cope with uncertainty and complexity and their response to new information and charges. Jeremy Shires Senior Research Fellow at the Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds. His research interests include behavioural modelling, the impact of “soft factors” on travel, stated preference design and public transport demand modelling. 相似文献
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介绍了奥迪100型轿车组合仪表的基本结构和工作原理以及主要技术参数,在消化理解国外汽车组合仪表先进技术的同时,利用奥迪100型轿车组合仪表和比较成熟的电子技术,改制成了“红旗”牌轿车用的组合仪表,使改进型“红旗”牌轿车组合仪表电性能指标和结构性能指标达到80年代中期国外先进汽车组合仪表的水平。 相似文献
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根据软化仪表板的性能要求,选定木质纤维增强复合材料做仪表板骨架材料,采用正交试验方法研究了材料的组分和固化工艺参数,并对影响材料性能的纤维含量、纤维预处理和固化工艺参数分别进行了研究。根据复合板的性能选定了最佳参数值。 相似文献
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阐述了雷电对电子衡器系统的危害,分析了电子衡器受雷击损坏的原理,提出了电子衡器防雷系统的设计方案,介绍了电子衡器防雷系统的实际使用效果。 相似文献
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介绍一种基于虚拟仪器技术的机车信号综合测试仪,详细论述系统的硬件组成和软件设计。系统硬件主要包括工控主机、虚拟码发生器、虚拟示波器、虚拟万用表、虚拟电桥、虚拟电子矩阵等;软件平台采用NI公司的图形化编程环境LabVIEW,具有模块化和面向对象的软件设计方法。该测试仪除了可以完成现有机车信号设备智能测试台的全部功能,还具有高可靠性和可扩展性,测试精度高、处理速度快,并具有完善的自检功能。 相似文献
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梁桥板式橡胶支座检查技术应用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分析了桥梁板式橡胶支座脱空现象产生的原因,介绍了桥梁支座检查镜和检查仪的设计与应用,为桥梁施工过程对板式橡胶支座安装质量检查和桥梁调查过程中对支座的检查提供了有效方法. 相似文献
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