软土地区下穿运营高铁通道工程关键技术研究

天津市武清区某城市干道下穿高速铁路及普速铁路立交工程是我国首例下穿运营高铁的通道工程,具有安全风险高、工程技术复杂、施工难度极大等特点。以高速铁路为研究对象,针对其软土地区及临近运营高铁等特点,分别对工程防护设计与安全评估技术、高压旋喷桩施工和开挖对桥台影响试验、全封闭止水、开挖、顶进施工技术以及监测技术进行了深入研究和测试,取得了大量宝贵的试验和实测数据,提出一整套软土地区临近高铁工程的安全评估和防护技术、监测技术和施工方法。研究结论:针对降水、开挖、打桩等关键工序进行安全评估计算分析是必要的;采取"分段开挖、边挖边压、上下分层、同层分片、逐片推进"施工措施,及"及时封底、分段浇筑"施工模式,可有效降低施工对高铁工程沉降变形的影响;旋喷桩施工对高铁影响较大,施工时需要注意控制压力,尽量在15 m以外。     

桥梁水中桩基础的防护设计探讨

在运营高速公路上当桥梁桩基础位于水中时,桩基础存在大量的病害,严重时已经影响到桥梁结构的安全,本文通过现场调查、分析原因,进而提出解决措施,并对水中桩基础设计方案提出建议。     

富水粉砂地层水平 MJS 桩施工 对周边环境的影响及控制研究

全方位高压喷射工法(metro jet system,MJS)具有全方位、高精度、排泥集中等优点,在复杂地质条件 和盾构穿越既有车站等不利施工工况下有着较强的适应性。为研究水平 MJS 成桩对周围粉砂地层的影响,优化 水平 MJS 设计施工参数,以苏州轨道交通 6 号线苏锦站富水粉砂地层中 MJS 试桩工程为背景,采用现场试验的 方法研究水平 MJS 成桩引起地下水位、超静孔隙水压力、土压力和深层水平位移的变化规律。研究结果表明： 试桩期间水平 MJS 喷浆时超孔隙水压最大增加了 46.1 kPa;喷浆使地下水位最大上升 3.6 m,停止喷浆后水位最 大下降 1.5 m;土压力的变化趋势与孔压一致,喷浆时土压最大上升 40.6 kPa。由于粉砂层引孔过程中土体自支能 力不足,易塌孔,本次施工中引孔时的测斜最大发生 1.2 mm 的内倾,喷浆时测斜最大发生了 2.2 mm 的内倾。苏 州地铁 8 号线时代广场站水平 MJS 施工期间车站底板最大位移值为 0.8 mm,满足规范要求。粉砂层 MJS 施工过 程中在水泥浆液中加入 3%掺量膨润土,可防止出现塌孔和抱钻现象。     

切诺基I—4汽油机燃烧系统的改进

针对美国切诺基I－4汽油机在我国使用较低辛烷值汽油的特定情况下出现爆震、排气温度高等问题，用天津大学发明的射流燃烧系统取代原机斜楔型燃烧系统。结果，改用新燃烧系统的I－4S汽油机，在使用较低辛烷值汽油时，动力、经济性能优于用同样汽油机的I－4，排气温度也显著降低，大大改善了发动机的使用条件。     

车用汽油机射流燃烧系统的研究进展

汽油机射流燃烧系统已有多年的研究开发和实践，经过反复考验，其优越性得到证实。本文从射流室的特殊结构特点出发，利用多通道光纤高速摄影照片和示功图分析并结合紊流燃烧理论，对射流燃烧过程的燃烧特性进行的研究，论证了其诸多方面的优越性。还介绍了目前的研究进展。     

What are the implications of climate change for trans-Atlantic aircraft routing and flight time?

The effect of wind changes on aircraft routing has been identified as a potential impact of climate change on aviation. This is of particular interest for trans-Atlantic flights, where the pattern of upper-level winds over the north Atlantic, in particular the location and strength of the jet stream, strongly influences both the optimal flight route and the resulting flight time. Eastbound trans-Atlantic flights can often be routed to take advantage of the strong tailwinds in the jet stream, shortening the flight time and reducing fuel consumption. Here we investigate the impact of climate change on upper-level winds over the north Atlantic, using five climate model simulations from the Fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, considering a high greenhouse-gas emissions scenario. The impact on aircraft routing and flight time are quantified using flight routing software. The climate models agree that the jet stream will be on average located 1° further north, with a small increase in mean strength, by 2100. However daily variations in both its location and speed are significantly larger than the magnitude of any changes due to climate change. The net effect of climate change on trans-Atlantic aircraft routes is small; in the annual-mean eastbound routes are 1 min shorter and located further north and westbound routes are 1 min longer and more spread out around the great circle. There are, however, seasonal variations; route time changes are larger in winter, while in summer both eastbound and westbound route times increase.     

船用诱导通风装置流动特性计算分析及试验验证

本文针对某船用反吹风结构形式的诱导通风装置进行了射流特性数值及实验研究。基于诱导射程指标,首先进行了一维性能仿真初估,给出喷嘴的大致直径,并采用CFD技术对有无导流两种结构形式的喷嘴进行了射流特性仿真对比,确定采用有导流的喷嘴结构形式,进而对诱导通风装置的整机进行CFD仿真,确定了整机的压损、气流组织和射流特性,并与后期试验数据进行了对比,验证了设计和数值计算的准确性。本文给出了一种结合一维设计和三维仿真的诱导通风装置前期设计方法,能节省试验成本,可为后续不同性能指标的诱导通风装置提供设计参考。     

Dispersion of spilled oil by a cavitating jet at sea

This article presents the possibility of using a high-speed water jet for the dispersion of spilled oil at sea. Laboratory experiments showed that a high-speed water jet is very effective in dispersing heavy oil. Two methods were examined and compared using freshwater. The first method was to disperse an oil layer on the water surface using a cavitating jet ejected upward at an angle of 45°. A target plate was placed at the interface of the water and oil layer to enhance the collapse of cavitating bubbles. The second method was to eject a high-speed water jet vertically downward from the air. A guide plate with a guide hole was placed under the oil layer with no target plate as such. The second method showed an improved dispersion ability and thus its effectiveness was examined using an oil layer on seawater. The dispersion of oil was better in seawater than in freshwater, probably because seawater contains natural surfactants.     

"新二管法"在深基坑止水帷幕中的应用

"新二管法"是一种新型的深基坑止水方法.文章以广佛地铁I标工程深基坑涌水处治为例,介绍了"新二管法"高压喷射灌浆工艺在深基坑止水帷幕中的应用.     

新型轨道吸污装置吸污能力研究

采用扁形喷嘴倾斜吹风和较宽吸嘴吸风构造新型轨道吸污装置,在忽略空气的黏性力和密度变化、射流角度与气流离开轨道表面角度的差异以及吸风对吹风影响的前提下,进行新型轨道吸污装置吸污能力研究.结果表明:在临界移动速度均为10 km· h-1时,吸污风量为8×104 m3·h-1的新型轨道吸污装置与吸风风量达28×104 m3·h-1的法国VAKTRAK09系列轨道吸污装置的吸污能力相当;轨道吸污装置的临界吸污能力与临界吹风速度、临界吸风速度和临界移动速度有关,在装置的吹风、吸风速度确定后,临界吸污能力取决于装置的临界移动速度.试验证明,射流角度为60°时吸污效果更好.