全站仪测微倾角法在大跨度桥梁墩台沉降观测中的应用

墩台沉降及位移观测是新建特大桥投入运营初期的重点观测项目 ,结合芜湖长江大桥正桥桥跨长、观测条件限制多的特点 ,在测量中采用全站仪测微倾角法 ,使问题得到很好地解决 ,为大桥的安全运输提供了翔实的数据保障     

大跨度双线铁路混凝土桥极限跨径的研究

混凝土桥是我国大跨度铁路桥梁广泛应用的结构形式,但长期以来缺少对不同桥型跨越能力和适用范围的系统研究。大跨度混凝土桥的设计实践表明,支点截面混凝土的抗剪通常是控制其跨越能力的主要因素,以荷载作用下的剪应力达到混凝土容许剪应力为标准,分析得到了双线预应力混凝土连续梁(刚构)桥的理论极限跨径。在此基础上,通过分析主梁与加劲拱、拉索的荷载分配关系,进一步研究得到了连续梁(刚构)-拱桥、部分斜拉桥的理论极限跨径,分析结论与实际工程基本相符。同时在理论值基础上,结合设计经验给出工程实用极限跨径的建议值,对大跨度混凝土桥的桥式方案选择和投资控制具有一定价值。     

大跨高墩预应力混凝土箱梁悬臂灌注快速施工技术

较详细地介绍了绵羊沟特大桥大跨度预应力混凝土箱梁悬臂浇筑施工技术。     

大跨度连续梁桥施工新方法研究

基于大跨度连续梁桥的特点及某大桥施工时需要调整施工方法的实际情况,运用有限元分析软件,计算并比较了两种施工方法下结构受力情况及主梁线形变化状况。通过施工、设计及监控解决相关技术难点后,桥梁顺利合龙,并缩短了近1个月的工期,表明悬臂浇筑与支架现浇相接合这种施工方法是可行的。     

地铁出入口大跨度接口梁数值分析

建立空间计算模型对地铁出入口大跨度接口梁的内力等进行数值分析,提出接口梁空间计算模型及其内力计算结果,对比传统平面简化计算模型的内力结果,得知空间计算模型结果更接近接口梁的真实受力状态,接口梁的扭矩不是受力的控制性因素,而接口梁的弯矩接近弹性支座梁的弯矩。     

基于挠度理论的自锚式悬索桥受力特性分析

基于挠度理论,分析了矢跨比、边中跨比、加劲梁竖向抗弯刚度、加劲梁纵坡和整体升降温对两塔三跨自锚式悬索桥结构受力特性的影响。此外,还讨论了加劲梁在轴向压力作用下的稳定性及其极限跨径。分析结果表明：矢跨比越小,主缆拉力越大、加劲梁的轴向压力也越大,而结构的整体刚度越低;边中跨比越大,结构的整体刚度越低,加劲梁在轴向压力作用下的横向稳定性也越差;主缆抗拉刚度或者加劲梁的竖向抗弯刚度越大,结构的整体刚度越大;加劲梁纵坡和整体升降温对结构受力的影响通常较小,可以忽略不计;自锚式悬索桥的极限跨径由加劲梁的横向第一类失稳及其屈服强度共同控制。     

超大跨度缆索承重桥梁结构体系

设计和建造跨海连岛大桥是新世纪桥梁工程面临的巨大挑战。超大跨度桥梁并不只是常规概念的外推,需要与之对应的结构体系。从根本上改变缆索承重桥梁的缆索体系,可以突破跨度极限。本文指出了常规结构体系向更大跨度发展的制约因素,从缆索体系的角度介绍了超大跨度斜拉桥、悬索桥以及斜拉 悬索组合桥可能采用的各种体系。这些体系试图在静力、动力方面能远远超出现有限制范围,极大地提高桥梁的跨越能力。同时,新体系的采用也给材料、设计和施工提出了很大的挑战。     

超大跨度斜拉桥施工过程力学行为

斜拉桥结构效应在施工过程中具有典型的时空变化特性，但目前对效应的时程特性及时空包络关注较少。建立精细的几何非线性分析模型，分析主跨1088m的苏通大桥施工过程力学行为，包括施工阶段效应增量、效应时程、效应包络及恒载效应。研究结果有助于结构设计和施工控制。     

The potential mitigation of CO2 emissions via modal substitution of high-speed rail for short-haul air travel from a life cycle perspective – An Australian case study

The objective of this study is to provide a strategic evaluation of the mitigation of CO₂ emissions via modal substitution of high-speed rail for short-haul air travel on the Sydney–Melbourne, Australia city-pair from a life cycle perspective. It has been demonstrated that when considering CO₂ emissions from vehicle operations, the modal shift from air to high-speed rail on this city-pair has the potential to provide a means of CO₂ mitigation. However, uncertainty exists with regard to the level of mitigation potential when considering the whole-of-life performance of the systems. Given the significant difference in the infrastructure requirements between the air mode and the high-speed rail mode, this study quantifies the life cycle CO₂ load attributable to each system and examines the effect on CO₂ mitigation potential. The study concluded that while the inclusion of the linehaul infrastructure did increase the CO₂ load associated with high-speed rail mode, it did not equate to or exceed the CO₂ load per trip as experienced by the air mode. The avoided annual life cycle CO₂ emission in the target year 2056 was 0.37 Mt representing an 18% reduction when compared to the air mode only on the city pair. In fact, the scenario comparison indicated that the substitution of high-speed rail for short-haul air travel on the city pair resulted in CO₂ emissions avoidance throughout the longitudinal period.     

Life cycle emissions and cost model for urban light duty vehicles

The growth of vehicle sales and use internationally requires the consumption of significant quantities of energy and materials, and contributes to the deterioration of air-quality and climate conditions. Advanced propulsion systems and electric drive vehicles have substantially different characteristics and impacts. They require life cycle assessments and detailed comparisons with gasoline powered vehicles which, in turn, should lead to critical updates of traditional models and assumptions. For a comprehensive comparison of advanced and traditional light duty vehicles, a model is developed that integrates external costs, including emissions and time losses, with societal and consumer life cycle costs. Life cycle emissions and time losses are converted into costs for seven urban light duty vehicles. The results, which are based on vehicle technology characteristics and transportation impacts on environment, facilitate vehicle comparisons and support policy making in transportation. Substantially, more sustainable urban transportation can be achieved in the short-term by promoting policies that increase vehicle occupancy; in the intermediate-term by increasing the share of hybrid vehicles in the car market and in the long-term by the widespread use of electric vehicles. A sensitivity-analysis of life cost results revealed that vehicle costs change significantly for different geographical areas depending on vehicle taxation, pricing of gasoline, electric power and pollution. Current practices in carbon and air quality pricing favor oil and coal based technologies. However, increasing the cost of electricity from coal and other fossil fuels would increase the variable cost for electric vehicles, and tend to favor the variable cost of hybrid vehicles.