基于分段单孔反演的隧址区多断层地应力分布特征

目前，针对具有多个原位地应力测试钻孔的隧址区初始地应力场反演，往往一次性将全部实测值用以计算值的回归反分析，没有考虑到隧道纵向长度远超其他方向且钻孔分布较远的特点，单个钻孔表征的临近区域地应力分布特征或反演精度被其余钻孔实测值“拉低”，导致整体反演结果容易陷入局部优解。依托拉林铁路桑珠岭隧道、叙毕铁路斑竹林隧道、沿江高速火山隧道、木寨岭公路隧道等工程，采用多元线性回归法结合最小二乘法寻优准则，分析了隧址区仅有单个钻孔反演精度较高的原因，提出了对具有多个钻孔的隧址区分段并分别进行单钻孔回归反演的新方法。在此基础上，重点讨论了木寨岭公路隧道断层破碎带区域地应力分布特征。结果表明：分段单孔反演较多孔反演进一步提高了反演精度；地应力的分布在断层前后呈现出先急剧增大后急剧减小的特征；除自重应力与埋深存在一定关联外，两项水平主应力随断层间距或厚度的增大突变性加剧；断层之间间距、断层倾角、断层厚度均是影响地应力方向偏转大小的重要因素，断层之间间距或断层倾角越小、断层越厚，地应力方向偏转越显著。     

氢能源产业技术标准化发展现况

氢能作为一种高效、清洁、可持续利用的二次能源被认为是构建未来以可再生能源为主的多元能源结构的重要载体,以其开发和利用技术为主逐渐形成全球化氢能产业规模,氢能产业技术发展离不开氢能技术标准的推动和支撑,纵观国内外氢能技术标准化的发展及现况,我国氢能技术与国外还存在很大的差距,在液氢制取与储运、船用氢能燃料电池动力系统、加氢站关键设备及部件等技术方面需要加大科研投入,预研相关技术标准,提前谋划布局,以标准引领我国氢能技术及产业快速、高质量发展。     

Use of localized necking and fracture as a failure criterion in ship collision analysis

This study explores the use of localized necking for failure modeling in maritime crash analysis, using large shell elements. The assumption that the failure of a large shell element occurs simultaneously with the onset of localized necking is revisited. This study particularly investigates the numerical implementation of the localized necking condition and its implications on the results of ship collision analysis involving not only plate rupture but also various failure mechanisms such as the crushing and tearing of web girders, stringers, and their intersections. Through a series of large-scale collision simulations, the effects of bending deformation on the initiation of necking, non-proportional loading paths, and ductile fractures not preceded by localized necking, are investigated. It is demonstrated that a localized necking-based fracture model provides a reasonable, relatively mesh-insensitive estimate of the onset of fracture in the outer hull panels; however, fracture propagation is very sensitive to the numerical implementation of the necking and fracture model, especially for the cases involving the crushing of web frames and stringers.     

预裂爆破中爆生裂缝扩展的机理探讨及预裂炮孔间距的设计方法

炸药爆炸产生的爆生裂缝是由爆炸应力波和爆生气体共同作用的结果。文中运用炸药爆炸的应力波理论,计算初始裂纹的长度;然后按照岩石的脆断理论计算爆生裂缝的最终扩展长度,对预裂爆破中爆炸作用过程和裂缝的扩展机理进行分析。同时还讨论了预裂炮孔间距的设计方法,认为在炮孔间距设计时,应考虑原生裂缝的存在。     

高锰钢爆炸加工硬化及其硬化机理

本文研究了爆炸加工后高锰钢的硬化效果及其硬化机理．结果表明，高锰钢经爆炸加工后表面硬度大幅度提高，硬化深度超过４０ｍｍ．但夏比冲击试验表明仍有较高的韧性，宏观残余变形很小．这些变化不是发生Ｍ体及ε相转变的结果，而是发生高密度位错、堆垛层错、大量的交叉滑移，晶粒的扭折，孪晶及Ａ体晶粒细化引起的．     

调质C级钢铸钢材料的研制

通过合理配置铸钢材料的化学成分,并配合适当的热处理工艺,研制出了满足AAR-M-201和AAR-M-211标准要求的新型调质C级钢。同时研究了热处理工艺对调质C级钢的性能影响,测定了其低温韧性和耐磨性。     

摩托车电喷发动机转速测量系统的设计

转速是摩托车电喷系统点火和喷油所依据的重要参数之一,转速测量是电喷系统的关键技术。比较器调理电路和555芯片调理电路经过实际调试均能正常工作,但从可靠性和抗干扰角度考虑,555芯片组成的施密特触发器要比比较器电路可靠性高,抗干扰能力强。文中介绍的单片机测量计算转速的2种方案,实践证明准确可行。     

某轮副机曲轴断裂事故原因分析及预防措施

文章结合柴油机曲轴的工作条件,对某轮副机曲轴断裂事故的内在和外在原因进行了分析,并针对该事故的原因对柴油机曲轴的日常维护管理提出了建议。     

A review of the Effect of α/W ratio on fracture toughness （Ⅱ） experimental investigation in LEFM

In part I of this series, experimental investigation in EPFM （elastic-plastic fracture mechanics） had been discussed. In this paper, experimental investigation in LEFM （ linear elastic fracture mechanics） is given. Fracture toughness tests had been carried out on three different strength steels, using both through-cracked specimens with different α/W ratio and semi-elliptical cracked specimens with variable crack size and shape. Results show that the fracture toughness KIC increases with decreasing α/W when α/W 〈 0.3 for three-point-bend specimens, and that for α/W 〉 0.3, it is independent of α/W. Shallow crack specimens, both through-cracked and surface-cracked, gave markedly higher values than deeply notched specimens. However, the effect of crack shape on fracture toughness is negligible. Results also show that the LEFM approach to fracture is not tenable for design stresses where αc is often very small, far less than 2.5 （ KIC/σy）^2.