FPSO货油系统管系应力及泵口载荷的分析改进

货油系统作为FPSO最重要的系统之一,一旦出现故障,会使整个海上油田的生产作业陷入停顿或瘫痪的状态,将造成巨大的经济损失,对其进行应力分析,指导管系布置十分必要。本文以30万吨通用型FPSO货油系统为研究对象,应用CAESARII管道应力分析软件建立分析模型,考虑极端工况的加速度、船体变形和风载荷等,对其管系一次应力、二次应力和泵口载荷进行了分析,并对管系的布置进行了优化,提高了管系布置的效率和准确性,为FPSO其他管路系统及其他船型的管系布置提供参考依据。     

运动带钢平面上粘性流体吹扫装置——在宝钢冷轧机组上的应用

本文论述了可用于去除轧制后残存在带钢表面润滑剂的改进型喷嘴吹扫装置，实际应用表明，改进型喷嘴吹扫装置可使带钢表面乳化液斑迹次品率降低，并降低了连轧机组末级出口处的噪声。     

烟火式气体发生器燃烧室喷嘴的设计与研究

应用火药燃烧定律和喷嘴的流量速度公式可以计算和设计气体发生器燃烧室喷嘴的孔径和孔数。分别对气体发生器中不同燃烧室喷嘴尺寸进行引燃试验,可以看出,当计算出的燃烧室喷嘴的孔径和孔数为试验所采用时,该气体发生器燃烧室的压力与预先设定的数据基本吻合。此气体发生器产生的压力和时间能满足安全气囊的技术要求。     

Experimental investigation of abrasive flow machining effects on injector nozzle geometries,engine performance,and emissions in a di diesel engine

The effects of the Abrasive Flow Machining (AFM) process on a direct injection (DI) Diesel engine fuel injector nozzle are studied. Geometry characterization techniques were developed to measure the microscopic variations inside the nozzle before and after the process. This paper also provides empirically-based correlations of the nozzle geometry changes due to the AFM process. The resulting impact of the process on the engine performance and emissions are also assessed with a DI Diesel engine test setup. This study shows that properly AFM-processed injectors can enhance engine performance and improve emissions due to the improved quality of the nozzle characteristics. However, an extended process can also cause enlargement of the nozzle hole as a side effect, which can adversely affect emissions. Emission measurements show the trade-off for the minimum levels as the process proceeds. Since the enlargement of the hole during the AFM process is not avoidable and must be minimized, strict control over the process is required. This control can be enforced by either limiting the AFM processing period, or by properly preparing the initial hole diameter so as to accommodate the inevitable changes in the nozzle geometry.     

Experimental investigation of nozzle cavitating flow characteristics for diesel and biodiesel fuels

This study was performed to clarify criteria for cavitation inception and the relationship between flow conditions and cavitation flow patterns of diesel and biodiesel fuels. The goal was to analyze the effects of injection conditions and fuel properties on cavitating flow and disintegration phenomena of flow after fuel injection. To accomplish this goal, it was utilized a test nozzle with a cylindrical cross-sectional orifice and a flow visualization system composed of a fuel supply system and an image acquisition system. In order to analyze the rate of flow and injection pressure of the fuel, a flow rate meter and pressure gauge were installed at the entrance of the nozzle. A long distance microscope device equipped with a digital camera and a high resolution ICCD camera were used to acquire flow images of diesel and biodiesel, respectively. The effects of nozzle geometry on the cavitating flow were also investigated. Lastly, a detailed comparison of the nozzle cavitation characteristics of both fuel types was conducted under a variety of fuel injection parameters. The results of this analysis revealed that nozzle cavitation flow could be divided into four regimes: turbulent flow, beginning of cavitation, growth of cavitation, and hydraulic flip. The velocity coefficient of diesel fuel was greatly altered following an increase in flow rate, although for biodiesel, the variation of the velocity coefficient relative to the rate of flow was mostly constant. The cavitation number decreased gradually with an increase in the Reynolds number and Weber number, and the discharge coefficient was nearly equal to one, regardless of cavitation number. Lastly, it could not observe cavitation growth in the tapered nozzle despite an increase in fuel injection pressure.     

发电柴油机增压器喘振的处理与分析

柴油机增压器喘振历来是轮机员工作中较为头疼的故障之一。文章详细介绍了一例发电柴油机增压器喘振故障的发生与排除过程,分析了增压器喘振的原因并提出了避免及预防的建议。     

导流管结构设计方法研究

对导流管结构区域进行了划分,对导流管结构设计的规范要求进行了研究。分析并得到了三种导流管结构设计方法,包括壳板、加强隔板、支撑结构的设计,刚度衡准条件,以及焊接工艺的设计。对大型拖网加工船的导流管进行设计计算,分析对比了不同设计方法的计算特点和适用范围。对比认为方法二的设计考虑了冰区航行船舶的要求,具有更广泛的适用性。     

耙吸式挖泥船耙头冲水系统喷嘴布局的优化研究

基于计算流体动力学基本理论,分析水射流冲击硬质黏土过程中产生的冲击压力,比较不同喷嘴间距及排列方式对靶物冲击效率的影响。选取单排和双排流场模型,用Fluent软件进行数值模拟,进行网格无关性验证,发现模拟结果与已有的试验数据对比的误差为5.53%。研究结果表明:合理减小喷嘴间距能够增强高压冲水系统对泥沙的破碎能力,单排排列方式时,喷嘴间距L不宜大于126mm;间距过小,高压水射流冲击靶面形成的回流会削弱射流的发展,降低高压射流对泥沙的破碎效率;间距过大,则会导致靶面上两高压射流之间有压力较低的区域形成沙脊。双排时,喷嘴采用正三角形排列,可有效消除沙脊,且双排交叉排列对靶距变化具有较强的适应性。     

涡轮增压器主要部件结构特性及改进研究

机车柴油机用废气涡轮增压器浮动轴承烧灼、转子积碳固死及喷嘴环热裂、叶片变形等是影响增压器可靠运用的多发故障。通过对浮动轴承浮动套实际转速测量及轴承内外间隙调整试验,指出了浮动轴承烧损的主要原因是浮动套内间隙的增大,提出了以滑动轴承代替浮动轴承的设计方案;通过增压器油封密封机理分析及不同油封对回油腔压力变化影响的试验对比分析,设计了涨圈加反螺纹组合式油封,筛选出了最佳组合方式;喷嘴环用材料力学性能及喷嘴环结构热疲劳力学试验结果表明,采用以2Cr13为材质、不带外环的插嵌式喷嘴环结构,既可消除喷嘴环热裂故障,其插嵌式单片精铸叶片又可保证静叶型线准确及叶片表面光洁度。改进后的部件结构有效提高了增压器整机使用的可靠性。     

喷嘴叶片形状的改善对涡轮增压器效率的影响

对涡轮增压器蜗壳内流场进行了三维CFD模拟,分析了蜗壳内的流动并找到了叶片造成流动损失的原因,然后引入双纽线流量计的工作原理对叶片尤其是造成流动损失大的叶片头部进行了重新设计,进而对新方案进行了CFD模拟和叶片的加工及整机试验,模拟和试验结果表明新设计的叶片对增压器效率有明显提高。