我国高等级公路机械化施工机械配备

高等级公路施工中，机械化程度很高，施工中机械的配备对工程的影响很大．文章结合京津塘高速公路北京段及合肥－南京－级公路安徽段工程实际施工情况，介绍了我国高等级公路施工机械的配备．     

高铁环境下基于QoS用户业务的公平性功率分配算法

鉴于高速铁路(HSRs)通信业务的多样性,侧重于单一类型业务的传输优化方案,已无法满足用户业务服务质量(QoS)差异性显著提升的需求。针对HSRs通信环境,将用户业务分为时延敏感业务和时延非敏感业务,以满足用户QoS需求且同时兼顾占用无线信道的公平性为优化目标,研究了基站(eNB)平均发射功率约束条件下的功率分配问题。根据eNB能否预先获知用户的期望速率,分别采用了基于用户期望和基于预分配的功率分配策略。仿真结果表明,ε-Optimal比例公平算法的eNB发射功率较高且用户满意度较低;信道反演算法只针对时延敏感用户能较好地满足其QoS(最大耐受时延映射的期望速率),并且固定功率分配算法仅能够满足时延非敏感用户的QoS,两种算法均无法保证用户间的公平性;所提算法既具有较高的用户满足度,又较好地保证了用户间的公平性。     

船舶制造企业辅助生产核算体系

船舶制造企业辅助生产核算由于劳务种类多、金额大、交互频繁、计量方式各不相同,成为造船成本核算中的难点,也直接影响船舶产品成本的准确性。本文在对各种分配方法进行分析研究的基础上,结合造船企业产品特点和辅助生产部门提供的劳务特点,提出对劳务进行分类,根据分类分别制定相应的辅助生产分配方法的观点,并用案例验证方法的可行性和适用性。文章的研究结果为船舶制造企业辅助生产核算和成本控制提供参考。     

公路路面施工机械的优化配置方法

建立了公路路面基层施工机械优化配置的数学模型，并以一实际公路路面工程为例，经计算表明该模型是正确且有效的，适用于公路路面施工工程的机械设备选型与配置，以及校核公路路面施工机械设备是否达到优化配置。     

砂石路养护机械化配置方案

简要叙述了目前国内砂石道路的使用状况及主要病害后，就砂石路面养护机械化的作业范围，提出了以县级及下属养护工区为主体的砂石路养护工作的具体内容及其详尽的养护机械配置方案。     

投资决策理论在施工企业设备配置中的应用

应用投资决策理论对道路施工企业设备配置中的设备更新是购置还是租赁问题进行分析探讨，以促进企业固定资产合理增值，提高设备的利用率，降低成本     

Analysis of yellow-light running at signalized intersections using high-resolution traffic data

Many accidents occurring at signalized intersections are closely related to drivers’ decisions of running through intersections during yellow light, i.e., yellow-light running (YLR). Therefore it is important to understand the relationships between YLR and the factors which contribute to drivers’ decision of YLR. This requires collecting a large amount of YLR cases. However, existing data collection method, which mainly relies on video cameras, has difficulties to collect a large amount of YLR data. In this research, we propose a method to study drivers’ YLR behaviors using high-resolution event-based data from signal control systems. We used 8 months’ high-resolution data collected by two stop-bar detectors at a signalized intersection located in Minnesota and identified over 30,000 YLR cases. To identify the possible reasons for drivers’ decision of YLR, this research further categorized the YLR cases into four types: “in should-go zone”, “in should-stop zone”, “in dilemma zone”, and “in optional zone” according to the driver’s location when signal turns to yellow. Statistical analysis indicates that the mean values of approaching speed and acceleration rate are significantly different for different types of YLR. We also show that there were about 10% of YLR drivers who cannot run through intersection before traffic light turns to red. Furthermore, based on a strong correlation between hourly traffic volume and number of YLR events, this research developed a regression model that can be used to predict the number of YLR events based on hourly flow rate. This research also showed that snowing weather conditions cause more YLR events.     

Social influences on household location, mobility and activity choice in integrated micro-simulation models

Agent-based approaches to simulating long-term location and mobility decisions and short-term activity and travel decisions of households and individuals are receiving increasing attention in land-use and transportation interaction (LUTI) models to predict land-use changes and travel behaviour in mutual interaction. Social interactions between households and between individuals potentially have an influence on a wide range of the long-term and short-term choices involved in these systems. In this paper we identify the areas in which social interactions play a role and address the question how these influences can be modelled in the context of agent-based LUTI models. We distinguish impacts on activity participation (joint activity participation, support-and-help activities) and impacts on decision making (information exchange, social adaptation of preferences and aspirations) as the two main areas of social influence. A prototype of a LUTI model is proposed that accounts for impacts of the social network on longer-term mobility decision making through information exchange and social adaptation of preferences and aspirations. The model is demonstrated in a numerical simulation.     

货车驾驶人驾驶行为与行车安全研究进展

驾驶行为是影响交通安全最活跃的因素,在“人-车-路”复杂环境中扮演着关键角色。为了深入理解货车驾驶人驾驶行为规律和行为风险性,本文聚焦货车驾驶人驾驶行为对行车安全的影响,对货车驾驶人的驾驶行为风格、行为风险性及其与行车安全的关系等相关研究成果进行系统地梳理和分析。首先,利用构建的文献检索策略,筛选出38篇相关文献,并结合LDA(Latent Dirichlet Allocation)模型,对生成的4个研究主题,即货车驾驶人驾驶行为辨识,危险驾驶行为与行车安全,货车碰撞事故致因分析及驾驶安全风险评估进行总结;其次,针对数据源、特征工程及建模方法等分析要素,构建了适用于任意研究主题的通用研究路径,并重点归纳了目前研究主题在数据源、变量选择方法、研究地点及建模方法等关键要素的研究进展;最后,分析和探讨了货车驾驶人驾驶行为与行车安全领域面临的主要问题,从描述、解释、关联及应用的角度提炼该领域研究的未来发展趋势。研究认为：有必要将驾驶状态特性、车辆运行状态及道路交通状况等多维特征变量进行多源信息融合,开展基于大数据和人工智能双驱动的驾驶行为研究;需加强研究山区公路环境下货车与其他类型车辆之间的交互作用机制,从“人-车-路”视角分析货车碰撞事故致因;需进一步完善智能网联和自动驾驶等高新智能自动化环境下的货车驾驶人驾驶行为与行车安全关系研究;拓展面向驾驶安全的货车驾驶人驾驶风险评估的理论方法和应用框架。研究 成果将为货车事故治理、公路货运平台监控及道路线形设计等应用场景提供重要依据,并有助于相对全面地理解货车驾驶人驾驶行为与道路行车安全的交互作用机理。     

沙漠公路施工机械的优选配套

针对沙漠地区的特殊条件，提出了公路施工的优选配套原则、方法和实施方案，并投入实际运用，取得了显著的技术经济效益。