Optimal development of alternative fuel station networks considering node capacity restrictions

A potential solution to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transport sector is the use of alternative fuel vehicles (AFV). As global GHG emission standards have been in place for passenger cars for several years, infrastructure modelling for new AFV is an established topic. However, as the regulatory focus shifts towards heavy-duty vehicles (HDV), the market diffusion of AFV-HDV will increase as will planning the relevant AFV infrastructure for HDV. Existing modelling approaches need to be adapted, because the energy demand per individual refill increases significantly for HDV and there are regulatory as well as technical limitations for alternative fuel station (AFS) capacities at the same time. While the current research takes capacity restrictions for single stations into account, capacity limits for locations (i.e. nodes) – the places where refuelling stations are built such as highway entries, exits or intersections – are not yet considered. We extend existing models in this respect and introduce an optimal development for AFS considering (station) location capacity restrictions. The proposed method is applied to a case study of a potential fuel cell heavy-duty vehicle AFS network. We find that the location capacity limit has a major impact on the number of stations required, station utilization and station portfolio variety.     

一种天然气发动机尾气净化技术路线探索

为使天然气发动机满足现阶段排放要求,主流企业均采用当量燃烧+EGR+TWC技术路线,文章通过研究一种提高天然气发动机进气量的燃烧及相应的尾气净化技术,同样可以满足排放要求,且发动机无需EGR,结构简单,气耗更低,同时有效降低整车热负荷,为重型天然气发动机满足更高排放要求提供新的解决思路.     

湖南铁通计费系统的若干技术研究

路由器互联端口运用安全策略,有效拦截病毒的传播 在网关路由器、三层交换机上实行ARPA绑定,瓦解ARP病毒的攻击,实用效果良好。在计费UNIX主机上编写的程序,查出实时采集丢失的原始话单,保证原始话单无损到达计费系统,带来的经济效益显著。     

论汽车外形设计战略

介绍了国际上的大气候变化是影响汽车外型设计发展方向的决定性因素。在当今汽车市场竞争日剧激烈的状态下，经典、原创的“家族式”汽车外形设计战略正符合当前企业长远发展战略要求，是重要因素之一。它能够更好的向市场准确地传递一种信息，让消费者潜意识地感觉到企业的能力、实力和生命力。它是企业一种无形资产，同时还可以对企业的产品在全面立体的营销战略上起着更好的持续性和延续性的作用，对企业品牌在市场形象的巩固有着深远的意义。     

传真天气图的计算机接收识别技术的改进

为适用于远洋船舶在全球各大洋航行的需要,在《传真天气图的计算机接收识别系统》[简称：MFAX]V2．0的基础上,对该系统做了完善和改进,研制开发了既能接收识别全球各大洋的地面天气图、又能接收识别全球各大洋的高空天气图的《传真天气图的计算机接收识别系统》[简称：MFAX]V2．5。完善、改进后的该系统嵌入《三大洋海浪数值预报系统》并安装在“远望”1、2、3、4号航天测量船上使用后,取得了令人满意的效果。     

Real-world gaseous and particle emissions of a Bi-fuel gasoline/CNG Euro 6 passenger car

The objective of the present study is the assessment of the environmental impact of a bivalent (bi-fuel) vehicle, running either on gasoline or compressed natural gas (CNG). To that aim, a Euro 6 passenger car was tested under various real-world driving conditions. In order to cover the full range of conventional powertrains currently in the market, the tests were also repeated on a Euro 6 diesel passenger car. Both cars were driven in two routes, the first complying with the regulation limits and the second going beyond them. Carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and particle number (PN) emissions were recorded using a Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS). Apart from the aggregated emission levels, in g/km, the exact emission location along the route was also assessed. Natural gas proved beneficial for CO and PN emissions, the level of which always remained below the respective legislation limits. On the other hand, under the dynamic driving conditions with gasoline, the relevant limits were exceeded. Cold start, occurring at the beginning of the urban part, and motorway driving were identified as major contributors to total emissions, especially in gasoline mode. However, the application of natural gas was associated with a penalty in NO_x emissions, which were significantly increased as compared to gasoline. Local peaks within the urban part were identified in CNG mode. In any case, the diesel vehicle was by far the highest NO_x emitter.     

形如2λpα+1的质数模原根的直接算法

东北师范大学学报自然科学版1979年第一期和1980年第二期上,李复中教授给出了部分质数模全部原根的求法,今天我们称它为间接求法。近年来,国内外没有这方面的论述。作者通过大量的数据推演和论证,做出了形如2^λP^α＋1的质数模全部原根的直接算法（定理）,并给出了这类质数模全部原根的递推公式。这种直接算法对于求2^λP^α＋1的原根更具有灵活性,并减少了计算原根一半的计算量。     

Simulation of Temperature Field in Original Segment of Concrete Box-Girder Bridge

Temperature field and its variation with time are necessary for analyzing the thermo-mechanical performance of mass concrete structures at their early ages. This paper carries out a temperature field simulation analysis for an original segment of a real box girder bridge with the finite element software ANSYS. Two representative exothermic rate models are used to describe the heat-releasing process caused by the cement hydration in concrete. The exothermic rate model that conforms to reality more closely is recognized by comparing the simulation results with the data gathered from the optical fiber temperature sensors pre-embedded in the original segment. The air temperature and wind velocity that constitute thermal boundary conditions are determined in the light of the local meteorological department and correlative research achievements of recent years. Moreover, the consideration for the steel formwork acting as a barrier to heat loss is also proved to be beneficial to improve the simulation effect.     

断层对小净距隧道稳定性的影响分析

文章针对福州魁岐2号特大断面小净距隧道工程特点,以Ⅴ级围岩为研究对象,利用离散单元法对节理岩体中断层存在时初始围岩应力分布特征以及断层与隧道不同相对位置情况下围岩变形特征进行了定性分析。结果表明,当节理岩体中有断层存在时,初始围岩应力不再呈水平层状分布,而是出现一定程度的应力集中现象;围岩变形在断层附近区域显著增大,而距断层较远处基本不受影响;对于小净距隧道,当中间岩柱中存在断层时更不利于隧道和中间岩柱的整体稳定。     

益气养血保元方对肺癌细胞PCNA、p53蛋白表达的影响

采用免疫组化法观察益气养血保元胶囊 (OQP)对体外培养人肺癌 A- 549细胞 PCNA、p53蛋白异常表达的影响。结果 :OQP作用后 A- 549细胞 PCNA、p53蛋白表达减弱。提示 :OQP可抑制 PC-NA、p53蛋白表达 ,其抑癌作用机理可能与抑制 PCNA、p53蛋白表达有关。