铁路通信信号电源视频监控技术的应用及分析

结合工程实际,对铁路通信信号电源视频监控系统进行了全面介绍和分析,对工程中存在的问题通过试验分析得出针对性的解决方案,并就铁路电力视频监控技术的发展进行有益的探讨。     

涂层与阴极保护下的管道外腐蚀研究与控制

长期以来 ,一直认为管道在涂层和阴极保护协同保护下不会产生外壁腐蚀或腐蚀轻微。应用第三代高精度智能清管检测器对榕山—佛荫长为 2 5 4km的管线进行检测 ,发现了 455处外壁腐蚀 ,研究结果表明 :管道建设时 ,涂层施工的质量较差 ;使用维护过程中涂层材料老化严重、失修 ;管线上阴极保护系统长期故障使管道欠保护 ;执行了有严重缺陷的行业标准 ,至今不知管线上监测到的保护电位距真实的极化电位的差距有多大 ;管线的阴极保护度数据难以采集到。针对上述问题提出了控制腐蚀的方法。     

Investigation of tailpipe and evaporative emissions from China IV and Tier 2 passenger vehicles with different gasolines

The limited understanding of vehicular emissions in China, especially evaporative emissions, is one obstacle to establishing tighter standards. To evaluate tailpipe and evaporative emissions, two typical China IV vehicles and one Tier 2 vehicle with an onboard refuelling vapour recovery (ORVR) system were selected and tested. One of the China IV vehicles was fuelled with gasoline, E10 and M15, respectively, to investigate the effect of fuel properties on vehicular emissions. For each vehicle, cold-start tailpipe emission tests were conducted first, followed by an evaporation test. Based on the emission factors and real-world vehicle activity data, the annual tailpipe and evaporative hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of each vehicle were calculated and compared. The results show that E10 and M15 significantly reduced the tailpipe CO and particle number (PN) emissions but seriously aggravated the NOx emissions, especially for M15. The hot soak losses (HSLs) and diurnal breathing losses (DBLs) were slightly impacted by the fuel properties. The annual evaporative emissions with E10 and M15 were higher than that with gasoline. The ORVR system effectively controlled the evaporative emissions, especially for DBLs. Evaporative emissions from the China IV vehicles were 1.1–1.4 times the tailpipe HC emissions. Additionally, the evaporative emission factors of the China IV vehicles were almost 50% lower than the standard (2.0 g/test), whereas their annual evaporative emissions were almost 1.8–2.8 times higher than those from the Tier 2 vehicle. Therefore, controlling evaporative emissions currently remains a great need in China, and the ORVR might be a recommended evaporative control technology.     

Estimation of extreme significant wave heights and the associated uncertainties: A case study using NORA10 hindcast data for the Barents Sea

The reliability of an offshore structure is dependent on its response to the extreme wave climate; therefore, an adequate knowledge of the wave climate at a location is a prerequisite during design as well as in marine operations. This study aims to contribute to the knowledge of the extreme wave climate in the Norwegian Sector of the Barents Sea, using wave hindcast datasets from the Norwegian Reanalysis 10 km (NORA10) database for four locations.We have considered three commonly used methods for the estimation of extreme wave heights, that is, the initial distribution method, the peak over threshold method, and the annual maxima method. The parametric bootstrap concept is considered in the estimation of the epistemic uncertainty related to sample size. The estimated 100-year significant wave heights obtained from the three methods differ, and the degree of variability in the estimates varies, depending on the dataset. The epistemic uncertainty due to sample size is wider when considering the annual maxima method.The estimates obtained from the three methods show the importance of considering different methods and their associated uncertainties when estimating extreme wave values for design. While it is difficult to single out the best method among the three, the estimated values give knowledge of the possible range of the extreme significant wave heights at the locations. Generally, the datasets considered in this study suggest that the wave climate is less harsh further north compared to the southern region of the Barents Sea. The datasets do not suggest any temporal trends in the historical significant wave heights at any of the locations.     

一种简易毫伏表的设计及应用

以EM78P259N为基础制作一款针对小信号测量的低成本工具。充分利用EM78P259N丰富的内设,并结合一定的数学处理,使这款毫伏表能较为准确地进行小电压的测量。     

大鼠弥漫性轴索损伤后大脑皮层rab10的表达及意义

目的研究大鼠弥漫性轴索损伤(diffuse axonal injury,DAI)后小G蛋白rab10在大脑皮层的表达变化规律,探讨DAI后rab10在神经修复中的作用及意义。方法采用头颅瞬间旋转损伤装置建立大鼠DAI模型,随机分为1d、3d、7d组及对照组。采用Gless嗜银染色和TUNEL染色分别观察DAI后神经轴索形态和凋亡变化;采用Western blot、免疫组化等方法检测大鼠大脑皮层rab10的分布及表达,并采用免疫荧光双标染色分析大脑皮层神经元内rab10的表达变化。结果嗜银染色显示DAI后1d神经轴索形态损伤最严重,3~7d时损伤逐渐减轻;TUNEL染色显示DAI后1d凋亡细胞数开始升高,3~7d时凋亡数量更高,呈迟发性改变。Western blot及免疫组化结果均提示DAI后1d大脑皮层rab10的表达显著增加,3d后稍降低,7d后明显降低,但仍高于正常(P<0.05);免疫荧光双标染色提示正常神经元内几乎不表达rab10,DAI后神经元内rab10表达在1~3d较高,7d时较前降低。结论大鼠DAI后大脑皮层rab10表达水平先增加,随后降低;神经元内rab10的表达变化可能与DAI后神经轴索修复有关。     

弥漫性轴索损伤后CD4~+/CD8~+ T细胞比值、IL-6、IL-10水平变化及预后相关危险因素的Logistic回归分析

目的研究弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)后患者外周血CD4+/CD8+T细胞比值及炎症因子IL-6、IL-10水平的变化,探讨影响DAI患者预后的相关危险因素及可能的预测因子。方法收集115例DAI患者的相关临床资料及伤后至少6个月的随访结果,并将采集的患者外周血采用流式细胞仪检测CD4+、CD8+T细胞及其比值,ELISA法检测IL-6、IL-10水平,对免疫炎症指标及临床资料进行单因素和多因素分析,多因素分析采用Logistic回归分析。结果DAI后合并其他脑损伤、瞳孔改变、伤后昏迷时间及入院时GCS评分是影响患者预后的危险因素,而其他因素则与预后不相关。CD4+/CD8+T淋巴细胞比值降低是DAI后发生ARDS/ALI的危险因素,CD4+/CD8+T淋巴细胞比值与患者预后关系不大,而ARDS/ALI的发生则是影响DAI患者预后的重要危险因素。IL-6增加与DAI后ARDS/ALI密切相关,可作为ARDS/ALI发生的预测因子,其水平是患者预后的危险因素,而IL-10则在此过程中与ARDS/ALI不相关,且与患者预后无关。结论 CD4+/CD8+T淋巴细胞比值降低是DAI后发生ARDS/ALI的危险因素,IL-6可作为ARDS/ALI发生的预测因子。DAI后与患者预后相关的危险因素包括合并其他脑损伤、瞳孔改变、伤后昏迷时间、入院时GCS评分、IL-6水平及并发ARDS/ALI。     

α-干扰素对慢性粒细胞白血病来源的树突状细胞的免疫调节作用(Ⅰ)

目的　于慢性粒细胞白血病 (CML)来源的树突状细胞 (DCs)无血清培养基中 ,加入α 干扰素 (IFN α) ,以探讨IFN α对CML DCs表达共刺激分子及分泌IL 10、IL 12P70的影响。方法　在诱导CML DCs的培养基中 ,除加入SCF、GM CSF、TNF α及IL 4外 ,还加入不同浓度IFN α。培养 10～ 14d后 ,流式细胞仪检测细胞免疫表型 ;G显带法显示Ph1染色体 ;噻唑蓝 (MTT)法检测CML DCs刺激正常人外周血淋巴细胞增殖状况 ;ELISA法检测培养上清IL 10及IL 12P70含量。结果　IFN α(30 0U·mL-1)组较无IFN α组 ,CML DCs的CD4 0、CD83、CD86及MHC I类抗原的表达均升高一倍 ;异体混合淋巴细胞反应 (MLR)中OD值增加一倍 ;Ph1染色体阳性比例、IL 10及IL 12P70浓度均减低。结论　IFN α能够部分纠正CML DCs免疫表型及功能缺陷 ,同其解除了CML血清中IL 10对CML DCs分化的抑制有关     

mTOR/P70S6K信号通路在宫颈癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的 研究mTOR/P70S6K信号通路中哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)及其底物激酶(P70S6K)在宫颈癌中的表达及其在宫颈癌发生发展中的作用.方法 用RT-PCR和免疫组织化学法检测正常宫颈、宫颈癌中mTOR和P70S6K激酶的表达.结果 与正常组织相比,宫颈癌中的mTOR和P70S6K激酶在mRNA及蛋白水平表达均显著增加(P<0.05),且两者的表达具有显著的正相关性(r=0.746,P<0.001).结论 mTOR/P70S6K信号转导通路在介导宫颈癌的发生、发展的过程中起到重要作用.     

STCW78/10公约对航海技术专业人才培养的影响及对策

在概述STCW78/10公约对航海技术专业人才培养产生较大影响的基础上,本文介绍了我国履约的准备情况,提出航海技术专业人才培养应从培养模式、培养途径、培养规格、课程体系和教学手段与方法五个方面进行调整和改革的措施,以应对公约修改对航海人才培养的影响.