Integrating capacity analysis with high-speed railway timetabling: A minimum cycle time calculation model with flexible overtaking constraints and intelligent enumeration

Compared with most optimization methods for capacity evaluation, integrating capacity analysis with timetabling can reveal the types of train line plans and operating rules that have a positive influence on improving capacity utilization as well as yielding more accurate analyses. For most capacity analyses and cyclic timetabling methods, the cycle time is a constant (e.g., one or two hours). In this paper, we propose a minimum cycle time calculation (MCTC) model based on the periodic event scheduling problem (PESP) for a given train line plan, which is promising for macroscopic train timetabling and capacity analysis. In accordance with train operating rules, a non-collision constraint and a series of flexible overtaking constraints (FOCs) are constructed based on variations of the original binary variables in the PESP. Because of the complexity of the PESP, an iterative approximation (IA) method for integration with the CPLEX solver is proposed. Finally, two hypothetical cases are considered to analyze railway capacity, and several influencing factors are studied, including train regularity, train speed, line plan specifications (train stops), overtaking and train heterogeneity. The MCTC model and IA method are used to test a real-world case involving the timetable of the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway in China.     

The effect of the competition between cars and trucks on the evolution of the motorway transport system

Motorways, which were devised at the beginning of their history as dedicated roads intended to be traveled by cars only, are at present also traveled by considerable flows of trucks. This fact has deeply changed the motorway transport system with respect to its original conception, owing to the interactions between two categories of vehicles whose characteristics are very different. These interactions greatly increase the transport cost perceived by car drivers with respect to truck drivers. This paper studies the consequences of this cost asymmetry on the evolution of the transport system when the geometric characteristics of a motorway remain unchanged in time, while transport demand increases. By using a theoretical model of competition between cars and trucks, it is shown that, if both the geometric characteristics of a motorway and the increase rate of the activities that feed the transport demand remain unchanged over time, the competition between cars and trucks, as well as the fact that in general passengers have better transport alternatives than freight, make the increase rate of truck traffic greater than that of cars, causing a progressive increase in the proportion of trucks in the time periods in which a motorway is traveled by both the vehicle categories. Since truck traffic on motorways, at least in Europe, is very scarce on weekends and in holiday periods, in which motorways are traveled almost only by cars, these results seem to indicate a tendency to the specialization of motorways, which are likely to be used in the future mostly by only one category of vehicles in different periods of time.     

基于统计能量法的船舶板架结构简化建模方法研究

统计能量法是解决复杂结构高频动力学问题的主要方法之一,限于其分析特性,过于细致化的建模会引发其计算量大、计算精度低等问题。针对典型的船体板架结构,提出基于统计能量法的船体板架结构简化建模方法,并结合数值计算加以验证。根据实际需求,提出简化建模的等效原则,给出多平板的简化建模方法;通过研究给出周期加筋板的简化建模方法;提出一种双层底结构的简化建模方法,并进行误差分析。     

周期运行图编制模型与算法研究

在周期运行的运输组织模式下,所有列车在车站到发都是周期循环发生的。将安排列车运行线的问题看作周期事件安排问题,并借助周期约束图及周期势差模型,可以建立周期运行图网络模型。模型充分考虑到列车不同情况下的停站时间、到发安全间隔等各项周期约束,并将列车的总停留时间最小作为目标函数。当约束图顶点和弧的数量众多时,模型的求解将比较困难。通过选择合适的约束图生成树,找到变量的合理取值范围,并对模型进行一些预先简化处理,可以降低模型的求解难度。最后求解一个区段不同列车开行方案的周期运行图,验证模型的可行性。     

一致拥挤快速路交通系统稳定性分析

考虑快速路一致拥挤的前提下,通过选取适当的流一密关系式,建立快速路网络流模型。并在对快速路的第一段进行适当处理和考虑匝道排队的基础上,构造一个离散的线性系统。通过对此类型的离散系统进行稳定性分析,得到稳定的充分条件和最优控制器的设计方法,仿真实例表明该方法的有效性和实用性。     

Travelling Wave Solutions for Generalized KdV-mKdV Equation

A technique based on reduction of order for solving ordinary differential equations is developed to find exact solutions for a generalized KdV-mKdV equation that possesses high order nonlinear terms. The analytical expressions of several types of travelling wave solutions for the equation are obtained in terms of sin, cos, tan, cot, sinh, cosh, tanh, coth and algebraic profiles. It is shown that the wave speed of travelling wave solutions and the coefficient of low order derivative term in the equation are two main factors to determine the change in the physical structures of solutions.     

基于粒子群优化反步法的船舶航向控制器设计

考虑到反步法在随机干扰下具有较优的控制效果,利用反步法设计基于Nomoto模型的船舶航向控制器;设计一种基于粒子群优化(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)反步法的航向控制器,其能通过优化不确定增益参数来消除部分冗余控制。通过仿真试验比较不同航向控制器的性能。仿真结果表明:粒子群优化反步法航向控制器具有更高的控制精度和更强的鲁棒性。     

基于Berger码的故障-安全信号转换模块设计

设计1种基于Berger码状态分配的故障-安全信号转换模块,采用固定频率的交替信号作为输出,目的在于与铁路广泛应用的继电器保护电路合用,构成具有高故障-安全保险系数的控制信号输出端。     

On model-based longitudinal feed-forward motion control for low velocities on known road profiles

ABSTRACT

So far, longitudinal motion control has focused on situations like highway driving, where disturbances of the road profile can be neglected. In this paper, we show how the Two Point Tire Model can be used to derive a novel feed-forward control law for a vehicle's longitudinal motion that considers the effects of the road profile and can complement existing control approaches. For this purpose, we recapitulate the basic model assumptions and equations and briefly discuss how it can be used on arbitrary road profiles. Two approaches for implementation in a real vehicle are presented. Comparisons of these approaches in simulation and to a human driver of an experimental vehicle show that the controller can deal with stepped obstacles of up to 14?cm in height. However, the control performance is essentially limited by the actuator delay and human drivers outperform the controller due to their ability of sensing subtle vehicle motions. The results indicate that the control performance can be further improved by using a preview on the necessary drive torque, which can be provided by the solution that we propose.     

Disturbance compensation with a torque controllable steering system

Via a conventional steering system the driver perceives desired and disturbing effects such as road feedback and resonance effects, respectively. They appear with overlapping frequency spectra within the driver's steering torque. This paper introduces a control algorithm that is suppressing periodic disturbances without affecting useful steering road feedback attributes as well as regular power assistance characteristic. This is realised by an integrated torque actuator within the steering column in conjunction with a conventional Hydraulic-assisted Power Steering (HPS) system.