我国道路客运业的现状及发展对客车制造业的影响

本文对我国道路客运业的现状和特点进行了分析介绍,指出道路客运业向集约化、规模化发展,客运经营主体的资质、经营管理水平等需要进一步的提高。道路客运业的发展对客车制造企业提出了更多要求,但二者又是相互融合、共同发展的。     

我国汽车金融业的发展现状及趋势展望

首先分析了国内外汽车金融业的发展状况，并从当前我国汽车金融业存在的问题入手，着重从内部和外部环境2个方面进行了分析，从而有针对性地提出了我国汽车金融服务的改革思路和解决相关问题的政策建议，并对未来发展趋势作出理性预测和判断，制度设计上更趋于合理、完善；服务质量和水平逐步与国际接轨；竞争推动下的具有中国特色的金融创新渐趋活跃。在此基础上笔者设想了一种银行一体化的营销模式，权当为未来银行汽车金融业务的开展作一有益尝试。     

Consumer preferences for battery electric vehicles: A choice experimental survey in China

To accelerate the diffusion of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), consumer preferences for different products and policy attributes must be determined. Although previous studies have investigated consumer preferences for some product attributes, including purchase price, operation cost, driving range, and charging time, limited studies have discussed the broader aspects of product attributes, such as battery warranty and depreciation rate. Moreover, market-oriented incentives, including the personal carbon trading (PCT) scheme and the tradable driving credits (TDC) scheme, can theoretically be effective alternatives to expensive purchase subsidies. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence that confirms the influence of these two schemes on BEV adoption. To fill these gaps, we conducted a stated preference choice experimental survey in China and investigated the effect of product attributes, existing policy incentives, and two emerging market-oriented incentives on BEV adoption. Our results reveal that along with the main product attributes, battery warranty has a significant positive effect on inducing mainstream consumers to adopt BEVs while no preference difference occurs among existing policy incentives after purchase subsidies are abolished. For young consumers, almost all incentives that reduce the operation cost (e.g., PCT) or increase convenience (e.g., TDC) can increase their adoption of BEVs. These findings can provide important implications for the government with regard to designing novel incentives and promoting BEV adoption.     

Using GPS-data to determine optimum electric vehicle ranges: A Michigan case study

Fuel-switching personal transportation from gasoline to electricity offers many advantages, including lower noise, zero local air pollution, and petroleum-independence. But alleviations of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are more nuanced, due to many factors, including the car’s battery range. We use GPS-based trip data to determine use type-specific, GHG-optimized ranges. The dataset comprises 412 cars and 384,869 individual trips in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. We use previously developed algorithms to determine driver types, such as using the car to commute or not. Calibrating an existing life cycle GHG model to a forecast, low-carbon grid for Ann Arbor, we find that the optimum range varies not only with the drive train architecture (plugin-hybrid versus battery-only) and charging technology (fast versus slow) but also with the driver type. Across the 108 scenarios we investigated, the range that yields lowest GHG varies from 65 km (55+ year old drivers, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid) to 158 km (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only). The optimum GHG reduction that electric cars offer – here conservatively measured versus gasoline-only hybrid cars – is fairly stable, between 29% (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only) and 46% (commuters, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid). The electrification of total distances is between 66% and 86%. However, if cars do not have the optimum range, these metrics drop substantially. We conclude that matching the range to drivers’ typical trip distances, charging technology, and drivetrain is a crucial pre-requisite for electric vehicles to achieve their highest potential to reduce GHG emissions in personal transportation.     

城市轨道交通中个人导向方法研究

文章运用层次分析的方法来阐述个人导向功能的实现原理,提出了利用现阶段飞速发展的移动通信体技术,设计一种应用在城市轨道交通中具有个人导向功能的移动通信体,以改善城市轨道交通中个人导向功能薄弱的现状。     

Dynamic stride length adaptation according to utility and personal space

Pedestrians adjust both speed and stride length when they navigate difficult situations such as tight corners or dense crowds. They try to avoid collisions and to preserve their personal space. State-of-the-art pedestrian motion models automatically reduce speed in dense crowds simply because there is no space where the pedestrians could go. The stride length and its correct adaptation, however, are rarely considered. This leads to artefacts that impact macroscopic observation parameters such as densities in front of bottlenecks and, through this, flow. Hence modelling stride adaptation is important to increase the predictive power of pedestrian models. To achieve this we reformulate the problem as an optimisation problem on a disk around the pedestrian. Each pedestrian seeks the position that is most attractive in a sense of balanced goals between the search for targets, the need for individual space and the need to keep a distance from obstacles. The need for space is modelled according to findings from psychology defining zones around a person that, when invaded, cause unease. The result is a fully automatic adjustment that allows calibration through meaningful social parameters and that gives visually natural results with an excellent fit to measured experimental data.     

便携式长江航运综合信息系统

针对长江航运中出现的新问题,为提高航运安全性和管理的智能化水平,提出了一种基于PDA设计的航运综合信息系统解决方案。该系统由3个层次(航管中心、航船助理、船况代理)组成,综合利用了嵌入式、数据库、现场总线、GPS、GIS、GPRS、多媒体、传感器等多种技术,能实现对长江在航船只的导航、监控、管理、通信等功能。系统的硬件结构和软件功能界面经测试表明该系统使用非常方便,具有很多优点,为实现长江航运的智能化提供了一种很好的思路。     

发展船员人身意外强制保险的探讨

文中介绍了现阶段船员人身意外伤害保险现状，阐述了建立专门的船员人身意外强制险的必要性，并对发展船员人身意外强制保险提出了一些设想。     

基于PDA的舰艇生命力电子巡检系统设计

针对舰艇航行安全保障需求,综合运用个人数字助理（Personal Digital Assistant,PDA）设计舰艇生命力电子巡检系统,开展巡检系统总体设计、巡检数据信息采集设计、管理终端设计和巡检终端设计。该系统不仅可及时有效发现舰艇事故灾害隐患,而且可归纳舰艇事故灾害规律,为舰艇航行安全的精细化和信息化管理提供有力支撑。     

位置服务(LBS)技术在出行信息采集系统中的应用研究

位置服务技术(LBS,Location Based Service)指通过移动运营商的网络获取移动终端用户的位置信息(经纬度坐标).本文针对目前居民出行信息采集存在的不足,通过对多种基于移动网络的定位技术比较,提出一种基于无线市话系统(小灵通)位置服务(LBS)技术的居民出行信息采集系统,实时采集居民的出行轨迹,为改善城市交通运行状况及各种决策提供信息保证.