宽带干扰下GPS接收机捕获性能的分析

在GPS接收机捕获原理的基础上，分析了GPS接收机的平均捕获时间和捕获时间方差，推导出宽带干扰与噪声的功率谱密度，从而得到检测概率和虚警概率的表达式，最后给出不同中频信噪比以及不同积分时间下的平均捕获时间和平均捕获时间方差与干扰噪声功率比的关系曲线。仿真结果表明宽带干扰功率达到一定值时，对GPS接收机具有较好的干扰效果。     

强夯法在加固处理大型储油罐基础中的应用

以大连港新港改扩建二期陆域一期成品油罐区地基强夯为例,阐述了强夯法在加固大型储油罐地基方面的应用。     

影响水利工程施工质量的主要因素与控制措施

在水利工程施工过程中 ,影响其质量的主要因素有“人、材料、机具、方法、环境”等五方面。一个水利工程项目从开工到竣工投入运行的施工过程中 ,只要某一环节上出现问题 ,都会影响工程质量的提高或可能埋下质量事故隐患。因此 ,保证水利工程施工质量 ,努力实现施工合同条件中确定的施工质量要求 ,必须做到事前主动控制 ,事中积极检查 ,事后严肃把关的积极的预防措施。同时 ,必须贯彻“以防为主 ,防检结合”的方针 ,做到纵向全过程、横向全系统、意识全方向、时间全控制的质量管理要求 ,综合运用多种督查手段措施 ,确保结构安全 ,满足使用功能 ,外表美观大方     

On the variance of recurrent traffic flow for statistical traffic assignment

This paper generalizes and extends classical traffic assignment models to characterize the statistical features of Origin-Destination (O-D) demands, link/path flow and link/path costs, all of which vary from day to day. The generalized statistical traffic assignment (GESTA) model has a clear multi-level variance structure. Flow variance is analytically decomposed into three sources, O-D demands, route choices and measurement errors. Consequently, optimal decisions on roadway design, maintenance, operations and planning can be made using estimated probability distributions of link/path flow and system performance. The statistical equilibrium in GESTA is mathematically defined. Its multi-level statistical structure well fits large-scale data mining techniques. The embedded route choice model is consistent with the settings of O-D demands considering link costs that vary from day to day. We propose a Method of Successive Averages (MSA) based solution algorithm to solve for GESTA. Its convergence and computational complexity are analyzed. Three example networks including a large-scale network are solved to provide insights for decision making and to demonstrate computational efficiency.     

基于数理统计方法的铁路隧道衬砌质量缺陷分析

目前,利用地质雷达法检测隧道衬砌质量时,通常仅对隧道衬砌缺陷进行描述,较少深入分析这些缺陷的内在分布规律.采用数理统计的方法,对某在建铁路工程14座隧道共285个衬砌质量缺陷样本的分布规律进行分析.研究表明,(1)在不同测线部位,其缺陷率、不同缺陷类型占该测线缺陷比例、缺陷径向尺寸的最大值、平均值及样本标准差均不同;(...     

深圳地铁地面接触网避雷器运行分析及改造

根据避雷器的作用和原理,以及地面接触网避雷器的设计安装原则,分析深圳地铁避雷器在运行中存在的问题,提出整改措施及提高防雷技术的建议。     

Predicting queue variability to enable analysis of overload risk

ABSTRACT

Predicting the risk of traffic demands and delays exceeding critical limits at road junctions, airports, hospitals, etc., requires knowing how both mean and variance of queue size vary over time. Microscopic simulation can explore variability but is computationally demanding and gives only sample results. A computationally efficient approximation to the mean is used in many modelling tools, but only empirical extensions for variance in particular situations have been available. The paper derives theoretical formulae for time-dependent and equilibrium variance, believed to be novel and to apply generally to queues covered by the Pollaczek–Khinchin mean formula, and offering possible structural insights. These are applied in an extended approximation giving mutually consistent mean and variance estimates with improved accuracy. Tests on oversaturated peak demand cases are compared with Markov probabilistic simulation, demonstrating accuracy (R^2?>?0.99) for typical random, priority-like (M/M/1) and traffic-signal-like (M/D/1) queues. Implications for risk analysis, planning and policy are considered.     

Assessing the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk using microscopic data and surrogate safety measures

Due to the difficulty of obtaining accurate real-time visibility and vehicle based traffic data at the same time, there are only few research studies that addressed the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk. This research was conducted based on a new visibility detection system by mounting visibility sensor arrays combined with adaptive learning modules to provide more accurate visibility detections. The vehicle-based detector, Wavetronix SmartSensor HD, was installed at the same place to collect traffic data. Reduced visibility due to fog were selected and analyzed by comparing them with clear cases to identify the differences based on several surrogate measures of safety under different visibility classes. Moreover, vehicles were divided into different types and the vehicles in different lanes were compared in order to identify whether the impact of reduced visibility due to fog on traffic crash risk varies depending on vehicle types and lanes. Log-Inverse Gaussian regression modeling was then applied to explore the relationship between time to collision and visibility together with other traffic parameters. Based on the accurate visibility and traffic data collected by the new visibility and traffic detection system, it was concluded that reduced visibility would significantly increase the traffic crash risk especially rear-end crashes and the impact on crash risk was different for different vehicle types and for different lanes. The results would be helpful to understand the change in traffic crash risk and crash contributing factors under fog conditions. We suggest implementing the algorithms in real-time and augmenting it with ITS measures such as VSL and DMS to reduce crash risk.     

基于危货指数的省级水运安全监管系统研究

受建设时间跨度大、技术条件等限制,加上机构改革,水运安全监管系统存在着展示不系统、覆盖不全面、数据不规范等问题,面对严峻的安全形势、复杂的内河水网和海量的船舶动态信息,现有的安全监管系统不能满足需求.本文分析了省级水运安全监管的内涵,提出危货指数的定义,并以危货指数为核心设计了省级水运安全监管系统,涵盖了运行监测、安全...     

水下机器人姿态角LQR-鲁棒方差控制实验研究

采用自动平衡控制系统作为物理仿真系统对水下机器人姿态角控制进行实验研究.结合具体系统设计了鲁棒方差控制器,分析了设计参数和系统参数变化对系统性能的影响.针对系统对大偏差和小偏差不同的要求,采用了LQR控制和鲁棒方差控制复合控制器;结合实际参数不确定范围确定了合理的设计参数范围;进一步结合实际调试中的具体问题确定了适当的系统参数.研究表明,LQR-鲁棒方差控制策略可以保证系统在较大范围的参数变化时保持稳定,有适当的带宽,并对随机干扰实现了合理的抑制.研究结果可供研制水下机器人控制系统参考.