动车组空调机组采用制冷剂R407C替代R22的应用研究

探讨了在CRH2型动车组空调制冷系统中使用制冷剂R407C替代R22的可行性,介绍了设计改进方案和改进实施、试验情况,为新一代动车组空调使用环保制冷剂提供了依据。     

铁路通信信号电源视频监控技术的应用及分析

结合工程实际,对铁路通信信号电源视频监控系统进行了全面介绍和分析,对工程中存在的问题通过试验分析得出针对性的解决方案,并就铁路电力视频监控技术的发展进行有益的探讨。     

渭河特大桥钢-砼结合段施工技术

以西铜高速公路渭河特大桥钢-砼结合梁段施工为背景,从钢箱梁的加工、运输、吊装就位及钢-砼结合梁段施工过程、工艺特点等方面进行了介绍,经工程实际应用,证明该工程技术施工原理清晰,成效明显,易于掌控,节约成本,可为以后类似桥梁施工提供参考经验。     

评价重型车用柴油机排放的13工况测试循环和欧洲稳态测试循环的对比

基于同一组增压中冷重型车用柴油机排放试验数据，采用拟合插值的方法得到了13工况循环和欧洲稳态循环两种不同测试循环的比排放数据。利用分担率和加权比排放数据分析了上述两种测试循环的不同点。指出了在实行欧Ⅲ排放法规后对车用柴油机进行排放优化的策略。     

Investigation of tailpipe and evaporative emissions from China IV and Tier 2 passenger vehicles with different gasolines

The limited understanding of vehicular emissions in China, especially evaporative emissions, is one obstacle to establishing tighter standards. To evaluate tailpipe and evaporative emissions, two typical China IV vehicles and one Tier 2 vehicle with an onboard refuelling vapour recovery (ORVR) system were selected and tested. One of the China IV vehicles was fuelled with gasoline, E10 and M15, respectively, to investigate the effect of fuel properties on vehicular emissions. For each vehicle, cold-start tailpipe emission tests were conducted first, followed by an evaporation test. Based on the emission factors and real-world vehicle activity data, the annual tailpipe and evaporative hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of each vehicle were calculated and compared. The results show that E10 and M15 significantly reduced the tailpipe CO and particle number (PN) emissions but seriously aggravated the NOx emissions, especially for M15. The hot soak losses (HSLs) and diurnal breathing losses (DBLs) were slightly impacted by the fuel properties. The annual evaporative emissions with E10 and M15 were higher than that with gasoline. The ORVR system effectively controlled the evaporative emissions, especially for DBLs. Evaporative emissions from the China IV vehicles were 1.1–1.4 times the tailpipe HC emissions. Additionally, the evaporative emission factors of the China IV vehicles were almost 50% lower than the standard (2.0 g/test), whereas their annual evaporative emissions were almost 1.8–2.8 times higher than those from the Tier 2 vehicle. Therefore, controlling evaporative emissions currently remains a great need in China, and the ORVR might be a recommended evaporative control technology.     

R/S分析法在盾构下穿机场过程中的地表变形规律研究

为保证机场的正常运营,在盾构下穿机场的施工过程中,对地表沉降变形控制的要求较高,因此对穿越过程中的施工控制和变形规律研究具有重要意义。首先,基于盾构下穿机场的工程条件,分析盾构下穿过程中的风险,并提出相应的控制措施;同时,根据现场监测数据,分析盾构下穿机场过程中的地表沉降变形规律,并利用R/S分析法对地表沉降的发展趋势进行研究。结果表明:盾构施工引起的机场地表变形均在控制值范围以内,且各监测点在不同序列条件下的Hurst指数均大于0.5,具有沉降持续减弱的趋势,验证下穿过程中风险控制措施的有效性,为类似下穿机场的盾构施工提供一定的实践经验,也为盾构施工引起的地表沉降变形规律研究提供参考。     

Estimation of extreme significant wave heights and the associated uncertainties: A case study using NORA10 hindcast data for the Barents Sea

The reliability of an offshore structure is dependent on its response to the extreme wave climate; therefore, an adequate knowledge of the wave climate at a location is a prerequisite during design as well as in marine operations. This study aims to contribute to the knowledge of the extreme wave climate in the Norwegian Sector of the Barents Sea, using wave hindcast datasets from the Norwegian Reanalysis 10 km (NORA10) database for four locations.We have considered three commonly used methods for the estimation of extreme wave heights, that is, the initial distribution method, the peak over threshold method, and the annual maxima method. The parametric bootstrap concept is considered in the estimation of the epistemic uncertainty related to sample size. The estimated 100-year significant wave heights obtained from the three methods differ, and the degree of variability in the estimates varies, depending on the dataset. The epistemic uncertainty due to sample size is wider when considering the annual maxima method.The estimates obtained from the three methods show the importance of considering different methods and their associated uncertainties when estimating extreme wave values for design. While it is difficult to single out the best method among the three, the estimated values give knowledge of the possible range of the extreme significant wave heights at the locations. Generally, the datasets considered in this study suggest that the wave climate is less harsh further north compared to the southern region of the Barents Sea. The datasets do not suggest any temporal trends in the historical significant wave heights at any of the locations.     

基于文本挖掘的地铁施工安全风险事故致险因素分析

地铁工程项目是典型的高风险大型复杂项目,施工安全风险事故多发且引发因素众多。为明确施工过程中存在的致险因素,为安全风险事故的预控提供依据,选取2002—2015年国内151例地铁施工安全风险事故报告,借助R语言和文本挖掘的方法,分别对事故报告进行分词处理、特征项选择、向量空间模型构建、共现规律识别,并利用词云和网络结构图等方法可视化文本挖掘结果;从中发现地铁施工安全风险事故的6项关键致险因素和23项一般致险因素,并以关键致险因素为基础构建致险因素集合,为地铁施工安全风险事故的预控提供参考。     

Caterham Seven 420R v Porsche 911 GT3 RS

在赛道作为一条经验法则,除非420R在打滑,否则其实它根本没用尽全力。它会转向不足——其实有时还挺有用的,如果你非要找到它的极限并再用力推过头一点点的话;但如果你就是入弯时对前胎要求过高那它就那么有帮助了。Seven之妙处在于驾驶者可以立刻知道当前的情况。你完全可以在入弯到     

大鼠弥漫性轴索损伤后大脑皮层rab10的表达及意义

目的研究大鼠弥漫性轴索损伤(diffuse axonal injury,DAI)后小G蛋白rab10在大脑皮层的表达变化规律,探讨DAI后rab10在神经修复中的作用及意义。方法采用头颅瞬间旋转损伤装置建立大鼠DAI模型,随机分为1d、3d、7d组及对照组。采用Gless嗜银染色和TUNEL染色分别观察DAI后神经轴索形态和凋亡变化;采用Western blot、免疫组化等方法检测大鼠大脑皮层rab10的分布及表达,并采用免疫荧光双标染色分析大脑皮层神经元内rab10的表达变化。结果嗜银染色显示DAI后1d神经轴索形态损伤最严重,3~7d时损伤逐渐减轻;TUNEL染色显示DAI后1d凋亡细胞数开始升高,3~7d时凋亡数量更高,呈迟发性改变。Western blot及免疫组化结果均提示DAI后1d大脑皮层rab10的表达显著增加,3d后稍降低,7d后明显降低,但仍高于正常(P<0.05);免疫荧光双标染色提示正常神经元内几乎不表达rab10,DAI后神经元内rab10表达在1~3d较高,7d时较前降低。结论大鼠DAI后大脑皮层rab10表达水平先增加,随后降低;神经元内rab10的表达变化可能与DAI后神经轴索修复有关。