Definition of wind blowers for vehicles testing at chassis-dyno facilities using a CFD approach

The need to increase measurement accuracy of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions in vehicles is forcing the market to develop chassis-dyno test cells that reproduce on-road conditions realistically.Air-cooling is key to vehicle performance. It is therefore critical that the design of a test cell guarantees realistic cooling of all vehicle components, as important errors in fuel consumption and emissions measurements may otherwise arise. In a test-room, a blower placed in front of the vehicle supplies the cooling air. While there are some guidelines in the literature for the selection of fans required for emissions measurements for standard driving cycles, the information for designing the air supply system for specific tests in other areas is scarce.New Real Driving Emissions (RDE) legislation will force manufacturers to perform on-road measurements of pollutants. This represents a significant challenge due to the variability of conditions coming from non-controlled parameters. In order to optimize vehicles, different tests are performed in cells equipped with a chassis-dyno where the on-road flow field around the vehicle is reproduced as closely as possible.This work provides some guidelines for the definition of the airflow supply system of chassis-dyno facilities for vehicle optimization tests, based on a CFD analysis of the flow characteristics around the vehicle. By comparison with the solution obtained for a vehicle in real road driving conditions, the exit section of the blower and the distance between the blower exit and the car that best reproduce realistic on-road flow conditions in a test room are determined.     

轻型汽油车实际行驶污染物排放的影响因素

为了研究车辆冷起动、行程动力学参数和不同数据处理方法对实际行驶排放(RDE)试验的影响,本文利用4辆轻型汽油车进行试验研究,通过CO2移动平均窗口法和欧6新方法进行排放计算。结果表明:冷起动对CO和NOx排放影响偏差均在10%以内,对于未装配汽油机颗粒捕集器(GPF)车辆的市区PN排放影响偏差最大可达32.25%,在国6车型标定时应重点关注。相对正向加速度(RPA)与PN排放成正相关,与CO、NOx排放相关性不明显;v*apos,95(速度与正向加速度乘积按升序排序的第95个百分位取值)与CO、PN排放成正相关,与NOx排放成负相关,与CO和PN的相关系数大于与NOx的相关系数。对于同一个有效行程的污染物排放计算结果,欧6新方法大于CO2移动平均窗口法,欧6新方法能更加真实地反映车辆在RDE试验中的污染物排放水平。     

Analysis of real driving gaseous emissions from light-duty diesel vehicles

Increasingly strict emissions standards are providing a major impetus to vehicle manufactures for developing advanced powertrain and after-treatment systems that can significantly reduce real driving emissions. The knowledge of the gaseous emissions from diesel engines under steady-state operation and under transient operation provides substantial information to analyze real driving emissions of diesel vehicles. While there are noteworthy advances in the assessment of road vehicle emissions from real driving and laboratory measurements, detailed information on real driving gaseous emissions are required in order to predict effectively the real-time gaseous emissions from a diesel vehicle under realistic driving conditions. In this work, experiments were performed to characterize the behavior of NOx, unburned HC, CO, and CO₂ emitted from light-duty diesel vehicles that comply with Euro 6 emissions standards. The driving route fully reflected various real-world driving conditions such as urban, rural, and highway. The real-time emission measurements were conducted with a Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS) including a Global Positioning System (GPS). To investigate the gaseous emission characteristics, authors determined the road load coefficients of vehicle specific power (VSP) and regression coefficient between fuel use rate and VSP. Furthermore, this work revealed the correlation between the rates of average fuel use and each gaseous emission.     

Real-world gaseous and particle emissions of a Bi-fuel gasoline/CNG Euro 6 passenger car

The objective of the present study is the assessment of the environmental impact of a bivalent (bi-fuel) vehicle, running either on gasoline or compressed natural gas (CNG). To that aim, a Euro 6 passenger car was tested under various real-world driving conditions. In order to cover the full range of conventional powertrains currently in the market, the tests were also repeated on a Euro 6 diesel passenger car. Both cars were driven in two routes, the first complying with the regulation limits and the second going beyond them. Carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and particle number (PN) emissions were recorded using a Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS). Apart from the aggregated emission levels, in g/km, the exact emission location along the route was also assessed. Natural gas proved beneficial for CO and PN emissions, the level of which always remained below the respective legislation limits. On the other hand, under the dynamic driving conditions with gasoline, the relevant limits were exceeded. Cold start, occurring at the beginning of the urban part, and motorway driving were identified as major contributors to total emissions, especially in gasoline mode. However, the application of natural gas was associated with a penalty in NO_x emissions, which were significantly increased as compared to gasoline. Local peaks within the urban part were identified in CNG mode. In any case, the diesel vehicle was by far the highest NO_x emitter.     

海拔对轻型柴油车实际驾驶排放的影响

在青海省选择海拔为1 900m,2 200m,2 400m和3 000m的4个环境点,对一辆轻型柴油车按照实际驾驶排放(RDE)测试要求进行试验,并利用移动平均窗口法处理数据,得到车辆实际驾驶排放数据。对车辆的排放结果进行了评估,并分析了海拔对排放的影响。结果表明:随着海拔的增加,CO与PN排放先增加后减小,在2 400m时出现最大值,NOx排放先减小后增加,在2 400m处出现最小值;4个海拔点CO与PN排放值均低于法规限值,NOx排放值均高于法规限值,符合性系数分别为7.44,7.11,6.44,8。     

老化循环对三效催化器的老化效果研究

为研究不同整车驾驶循环对车辆三效催化器热老化的效果差异,选取两辆配备同款发动机的满足国六排放标准的纯汽油车和油电混合动力车,分别进行AMA、SRC、WLTC和典型RDE循环,利用数据采集系统实时采集车辆运行参数和三效催化器床体温度.基于阿伦尼乌斯公式将不同循环16万km耐久性后的热老化程度量化为热损伤,并以RDE循环为...     

轻型车实际行驶污染物排放(RDE)试验方法概述

随着国家对汽车污染物的管控力度逐渐加强,GB 18352.6-2016《轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国第六阶段)》应运而生,且已经开始实施。标准中新增加的实际行驶污染物排放(RDE)试验要求也受到了广泛的关注,尤其是对于试验实施方法和路线选择的方法。本文主要通过多次RDE测试,总结出最优试验方案及路线选择方法,仅供参考。