Prediction of wheel wear in urban railway transport: comparison of existing models

One of the most important maintenance costs in tramway transport comes from wear of wheel profiles. In the highly competitive railway market, the prediction of wear is then a major concern of the constructors. In this article, we present and compare four models well adapted to tramway conditions, involving contacts on the rolling tread and on the flange with very different sliding and pressure conditions. Moreover, all models can be implemented from the natural outputs of the railway simulation packages classically used in industry for the dynamics design of the vehicles. The first one, proposed by Jendel, is based on the well-known Archard's wear model. Enblom continues Jendel's approach by taking into account the contribution of wheel deformation on the sliding velocity. The last two models, developed by Zobory, and Pearce and Sherratt, determine the wear from the energy dissipation in the contact area. The models are first compared on a theoretical basis and, for that purpose, are rewritten in a common form. Two cases are distinguished: mild wear as arising on the rolling tread and severe wear as arising on the flange. The models are also compared in the practical case of an urban transport vehicle running on circular tracks with different curve radii. Although the models show equivalent trends according to the theoretical study, important discrepancies appear between estimated wear depths. All models are actually dependent on experimental coefficients and it is likely that they were estimated in different conditions. On the other hand, a reasonable agreement can be found in some particular conditions. As an example, Zobory's, Enblom's and Jendel's models are very close to each other in severe wear conditions. This work shows that a general and reliable model could probably be developed from all positive aspects of the existing ones.     

高速列车与铁路简支组合梁动力相互作用仿真分析

针对中小跨度上承式钢板梁桥在提速时横向振幅过大的问题,提出将钢板梁桥改造成组合桥梁。应用MSC/DYTRAN大型软件对改造后的32m简支组合梁结构进行桥梁动力特性及列车走行性分析。结果表明,当运行速度在140~220km.h-1时,机车车辆的乘客乘座舒适度满足良的标准,改造后简支组合梁结构满足高速旅客列车速度小于220km.h-1的走行性要求。     

自动驾驶汽车的仿真

随着汽车自动化程度的提高,自动驾驶汽车已成为国内外的研究热点之一。本文设计了一种自动驾驶汽车的模型,它能根据道路的弯曲程度变化实时地计算出车辆的转向角度输入,控制车辆按照预设想道路行吮。     

车用液力变矩器的变形仿真研究

为确保液力变矩器的使用安全，对液力变矩器（空壳）在同一离心力场下的不同油压作用进行了实际工况仿真和有限元分析，通过对实际车用液力变矩器空壳的试验测试，结果表明液力变矩器颈端（Hub)和柄端（Pilot)的轴向变形与油压呈线性关系，理论计算值与试验测试结果吻合较好。     

双前桥转向系统匹配设计

本文主要介绍了牵引车双前桥转向系统的设计,转向器、动转泵的匹配设计,并应用UGNX6软件建立了转向系统的三维模型,对转向系统进行设计校核和优化,设计出性能优越的双前桥动力转向系统。     

主动悬架系统控制策略研究

文章设计一种主动悬架控制策略,通过建立四分之一车辆主动悬架系统模型,设计模糊滑模控制策略对主动悬架系统进行控制,并使用Matlab/Simulink软件对所建立的模型进行仿真分析。通过仿真结果验证了所建模型和控制策略的准确性,同时也改善了悬架系统的性能。     

自动紧急制动系统控制策略仿真验证

为了在危险情况时辅助驾驶员实现纵向避撞或减小碰撞造成的伤害,文章提出了一种考虑实际制动过程与驾驶员制动行为的分级制动控制策略。通过试验得到相关参数,根据新车评价标准的AEB测试工况与评价指标,搭建测试场景并评价新车AEB功能。仿真结果表明,AEB控制策略在所有工况下都能达到新车评价规程中AEB功能的标准。提出的分级制动控制策略具有一定的参考价值。仿真模型可以方便地更改参数以适用于不同车辆,可作为新车评价AEB功能的仿真工具,减小试验成本,具有实用价值。     

基于模糊自适应PID的客车电控空气悬架车高调节控制策略研究

电控空气悬架能够根据客车行驶工况进行车身高度自适应调节,从而能够显著提升客车行驶稳定性以及燃油经济性,车高调节控制设计具有重要意义。文章利用模糊PID控制算法对车身高度调节进行控制策略设计,有效缓解了客车电控空气悬架车高调节过程中存在的空气弹簧的“过充”“过放”及“振荡”等问题,分析客车电控空气悬架车高调节具体过程,建立包括车身、储气罐、电磁阀以及空气弹簧等在内的车高调节系统数学模型,最后完成了客车电控空气悬架车高调节模糊自适应PID控制策略设计及性能仿真验证。研究结果表明,所运用的模糊自适应PID控制策略能够完成客车电控空气悬架车身高度的准确调节。     

插电式混合动力汽车动力系统总体设计

插电式混合动力已成为新能源车型发展的主流。文章以一款中级前置前驱插电式混合动力轿车为例,给出了动力总成总体设计方法,对行星轮机构、电控离合器及单向离合器等几种动力总成复合装置方案进行了对比,针对所选定的结构方案分析了相应整车工作模式,对动力系统性能进行了仿真,确定了动力系统总体方案。     

汽车驱动桥壳台架试验仿真及验证

在Pro/E环境下建立某汽车驱动桥壳3D模型,利用NX Nastran软件,按国家驱动桥壳台架试验的标准,在计算机中采用有限元方法模拟其垂直弯曲静刚性试验、垂直弯曲静强度试验和垂直弯曲疲劳试验。同时将有限元计算结果与试验结果进行了对比,吻合较好。因此用有限元模型模拟台架试验的方法是可行的,能实现在设计阶段对试验结果的预测,有效地降低设计成本,缩短设计周期,产生较好的经济效益。