Time-series analysis of remote-sensed chlorophyll and environmental factors in the Santa Monica–San Pedro Basin off Southern California

The time-series of remote-sensed surface chlorophyll concentration measured by SeaWiFS radiometer from September 1997 to December 2001 and the relevant hydrological and meteorological factors (remote-sensed sea surface temperature, atmospheric precipitation, air temperature and wind stress) in Santa Monica Bay and adjacent waters off southern California were analyzed using wavelet and cross-correlation statistical methods. All parameters exhibited evident seasonal patterns of variation. Wavelet analysis revealed salient long-term variations most evident in air temperature during El Niño 1997–1998 and in wind stress during La Niña 1998–1999. Short-period (<100 days) variations of remote-sensed chlorophyll biomass were mostly typical to spring seasons. Chlorophyll biomass was significantly correlated with air temperature and wind stress: an increase of chlorophyll biomass followed with 5–6-day time lag an increase of wind stress accompanied by a simultaneous decrease of air temperature. The mechanism of these variations was an intensification of phytoplankton growth resulting from the mixing of water column by wind stress and entrainment of nutrients into the euphotic layer.     

株洲船闸大体积砼裂缝控制方法的研究与实践

根据株洲船闸工程施工复杂的地质和天气条件,提出降低水化热、入仓温度控制及合理分缝分层浇筑等防裂措施。并采用有限元方法模拟船闸闸首底板的瞬态温度场,分析这些措施的温控效果,得出一些有益的结论,取得了良好的效果。     

三峡船闸(139m水位)一闸室船舶待闸研究

通过优化三峡船闸输水阀门运行参数,满足了船舶在一闸室待闸的停泊条件;组织代表船型进行实船试验,形成了连续调度快速安全的调度工艺,取得了在139m水位条件下,三峡船闸下行通航效率提高15%的效果。     

遥控水下液压绞车的研制

深水救生潜器对接系统液压绞车是载人潜器上不可缺少的救生设备之一。其机械系统要求体积小，重量轻，且具有低转速、大扭矩的工作特性；控制系统要求收放绳能自动检测、显示，极限绳长时能自动控停、报警，且有掉电保护等功能。本文主要从机械系统和控制系统两个方面介绍该液压绞车的基本原理、结构、误差处理方法及试验情况。     

带中间渠道船闸运转方式的试验研究

带中间渠道的分散梯级船闸是高坝通航建筑物的布置型式之一,它具有调度灵活、通过能力大等特点。但其上下级船闸采用不同运转方式时,所产生的非恒定流水流条件十分复杂,严重时将影响船舶(队)停泊和航行条件,还会对船闸运转及人字闸门产生不利影响。通过1:40的水工概化模型试验,对断面为规则的矩形中间渠道进行了上下级船闸单独、同时与错时灌泄水3种运转方式渠道内的水力特性研究,否定了船闸同时运转方式;对渠长2 000 m和1 400 m在特定条件下的船闸错时运转方式,找出了最佳错开时间;对3种运转方式的水力要素进行综合对比后,最终推荐采用先泄后灌运转方式。     

基于实时视景仿真技术的海上航标监管系统

海上航标系统是海上交通安全保障体系的重要组成部分。结合上海海事局厦门航标处的航标日常管理与实时监控的实际业务需求,开展了利用实时视景仿真技术与电子海图相结合构建海上航标监管系统的应用研究和系统实现等工作。该系统的实现,有利于航标设置方案的审定与选择,有利于监控者对现场环境的把握和应急决策。     

分散压缩型锚索在船闸工程中的运用

主要介绍京杭运河淮安市淮安三线船闸土锚施工和试验情况。在软弱土层和复杂土质情况下,利用分散压缩型锚索的结构特点,通过土锚试验、完善设计、改进施工工艺等综合措施,保证达到设计承载力,对以后土锚的应用与发展起很大的作用。     

Distribution of suspended sediment in the coastal sea off the Ganges–Brahmaputra River mouth: observation from TM data

Remote sensing technique was applied to estimate suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and to understand transportation, distribution and deposition of suspended sediment in the estuary and throughout the coastal sea, off the Ganges–Brahmaputra River mouth. During low river discharge period, zone of turbidity maximum is inferred in the estuary near the shore. SSC map shows that maximum SSC reaches 1050 mg/l in this period. Magnitude of SSC is mainly owing to resuspension of the bottom surface sediments induced by tidal currents flowing over shallow water depths. The influence of depth on resuspension is farther revealed from the distribution and magnitude of SSC along the head of Swatch of No Ground (SNG) submarine canyon. During high river discharge period, huge river outflow pushed the salt wedge and flashes away the suspended sediments in the coastal sea off the river mouth. Zone of turbidity maximum is inferred in the coastal water approximately within 5–10 m depth of water, where the maximum SSC reaches 1700 mg/l. In this period, huge fluvial input of the suspended sediments including the resuspended bottom sediments and the particles remaining in suspension for longer period of time since their initial entry control mainly the magnitude of SSC. In the estuary near the shore, seasonal variation in the magnitude of SSC is not evident. In the coastal sea (>5 m water depth), seasonal influence in the magnitude of SSC could be concluded from the discrepancy between SSC values of two different seasons. Transportation and deposition of suspended sediments also experiences seasonal variations. At present, suspended sediments are being accumulated on the shallow shelf (between 5 and 10 m water depth) in low discharge period and on the mid-shelf (between 10 and 75 m water depth) during high discharge period. An empirical (exponential) relationship was found between gradual settle down of suspended sediments in the coastal sea and its lateral distance from the turbidity maximum.     

船闸水力学研究的回顾与展望

将天津水运工程科学研究所建所30年来,在通航船闸水力学方面的试验研究成果,包括船闸输水系统布置、船闸防咸、船闸中间渠道和船闸基础理论作一总结性的回顾。同时,对船闸的研究水平、发展趋势和前景作一展望。     

铁路道口远程安全监控系统设计

介绍一种利用嵌入式系统和GPRS技术相结合,实现铁路道口远程监控及告警和列车接近预警的应用系统。详细描述了系统组成结构、硬件原理设计和软件实现方法。通过该系统不仅使列车接近道口时有声光报警,而且可以使得铁路道口管理部门不用到达道口所在位置,通过铁路道口控制中心的检测平台,就可以对整个辖区内的铁路道口设备工作状态和道口通过列车的车流量进行全面监控,从而迅速地了解道口设备的故障类型,在最短时间内保证设备正常运行,同时也便于铁路道口的监管部门对其道口监护员的工作进行远程监控。