整体硫化弹性铁垫板结构设计研究

整体硫化弹性铁垫板属于橡胶-金属复合材料,目前普遍应用于铁路、航空、船舶等各行业。整体硫化弹性铁垫板结构特点突出,其弹性均匀,列车运行平顺性好,可提高乘客舒适度;有效限制橡胶劣化途径,可提高产品使用寿命;产品结构适应性好,还能有效降低列车运营振动噪声。重点结合地铁压缩型减振扣件用弹性铁垫板结构设计,论述其关键参数、结构设计、生产制造工艺、相关测试等方面内容,研究弹性铁垫板结构关键参数和型式尺寸接口设计方法,针对结构设计重要参数之一垂直静刚度进行简化计算和有限元分析,并通过相关检验和实测,数据完整翔实。     

地铁提速对减振垫浮置板轨道振动特征的影响分析

为研究地铁列车提速对减振垫浮置板轨道的振动特征的影响,对比分析地铁列车行车速度为80 km/h和120 km/h工况下减振垫浮置板轨道时域和频域的实测结果。分析结果表明:行车速度对减振垫浮置板轨道结构垂向位移的影响不大;行车速度为120 km/h的工况下钢轨、浮置板、隧道的振动加速度1/3倍频程的峰值较行车速度为80 km/h的工况下的峰值分别有6.2、2.8、0.5 dB的增大;分频段分析各测点振动加速度综合振级,结果显示:在0~20 Hz与20~80 Hz频段内,只有钢轨的振动加速度综合振级增长超过5%,浮置板与隧道振级变化均小于2.5%,在80~120 km/h速度范围内,行车速度的提高对减振垫浮置板轨道隧道振动的影响并不明显。     

工程建设实施阶段材料价差调整计算方法探讨

铁路工程建设项目投资受国家政策和建筑市场物价变化等因素的影响,为有效控制工程项目投资,工程施工阶段需对材料价差进行动态调整。材料价差调整政策性强、工作量大、要求精细。此文在阐述材料价差调整依据及程序的基础上,对甲供材料和施工企业自购材料价差调整的原则及计算方法进行分析与探讨,提出可采用的计算方法。并结合工程实例进行材料价差调整的计算,验证其计算方法的可行性与可用性。     

柔性约束颗粒冲击阻尼技术及应用

本文介绍了柔性约束颗粒击阻尼技术及其减振机理，并将该技术应用于薄密闭腔体壁板振动和内部噪声的控制。实验证明，该技术结构简便，控制频带宽，减振降噪效果显著。     

Free-floating bike sharing: Solving real-life large-scale static rebalancing problems

Free-floating bike sharing (FFBS) is an innovative bike sharing model. FFBS saves on start-up cost, in comparison to station-based bike sharing (SBBS), by avoiding construction of expensive docking stations and kiosk machines. FFBS prevents bike theft and offers significant opportunities for smart management by tracking bikes in real-time with built-in GPS. However, like SBBS, the success of FFBS depends on the efficiency of its rebalancing operations to serve the maximal demand as possible.Bicycle rebalancing refers to the reestablishment of the number of bikes at sites to desired quantities by using a fleet of vehicles transporting the bicycles. Static rebalancing for SBBS is a challenging combinatorial optimization problem. FFBS takes it a step further, with an increase in the scale of the problem. This article is the first effort in a series of studies of FFBS planning and management, tackling static rebalancing with single and multiple vehicles. We present a Novel Mixed Integer Linear Program for solving the Static Complete Rebalancing Problem. The proposed formulation, can not only handle single as well as multiple vehicles, but also allows for multiple visits to a node by the same vehicle. We present a hybrid nested large neighborhood search with variable neighborhood descent algorithm, which is both effective and efficient in solving static complete rebalancing problems for large-scale bike sharing programs.Computational experiments were carried out on the 1 Commodity Pickup and Delivery Traveling Salesman Problem (1-PDTSP) instances used previously in the literature and on three new sets of instances, two (one real-life and one general) based on Share-A-Bull Bikes (SABB) FFBS program recently launched at the Tampa campus of University of South Florida and the other based on Divvy SBBS in Chicago. Computational experiments on the 1-PDTSP instances demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms a tabu search algorithm and is highly competitive with exact algorithms previously reported in the literature for solving static rebalancing problems in SBSS. Computational experiments on the SABB and Divvy instances, demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is able to deal with the increase in scale of the static rebalancing problem pertaining to both FFBS and SBBS, while deriving high-quality solutions in a reasonable amount of CPU time.     

废橡胶粉改性沥青混合料的试验研究

通过对改性沥青掺入不同剂量的橡胶粉进行马歇尔、车辙、残留稳定度等试验,确定掺入不同量的橡胶粉沥青混合料的高温稳定性、水稳定性和低温性能等路用性能的变化,试验数据表明沥青混合料的各项路用性能指标都得到明显地改善和提高.     

汽车内饰件VOC散发规律及控制

以门饰板总成为目标进行分解研究,对总成及其子级件的VOC含量进行分析发现不同材料和工艺对总成VOC的权重表现依次是PP类、表皮包覆类零件、表面处理类零件。其中PP作为用量最大的材料,直接关系到整个总成的VOC表现;TPO表皮、针织面料是目前相对环保的表皮类型;在一些非外观的骨架材料方面,本体法ABS相比于乳液法ABS具有一定的优势;相比溶剂胶和热熔胶,水性胶是成本和性能综合优势明显的胶粘剂类型。     

材料肌理在现代室内设计中的运用

文章阐述了材料肌理的相关概念，并分析了其在室内设计中的作用、表现形式及运用．这种思路为室内设计带来一定的创新性。     

铁路建设物资汽车运输单价探讨

铁路建设工程投资主要由工料机费用、运输费及其他相关费用组成。运输方面的费用通常占静态投资的3％-10％，而采用汽车运输物资的费用占到总运输费用的65％～90％。为此，合理确定建设项目汽车运输物资的单价就显得格外重要。此文结合有关计算汽车运输单价的规定和执行情况及存在的主要问题，分析影响汽车运输单价的因素。并采用既有概预算编制办法的有关规定测算汽车运输单价，与采用自卸汽车运输和路基运输定额测算的汽车运输单价进行比较分析，研究其影响因素和运价率的一般规律。提出合理确定汽车运输单价的建议。     

各向异性钢桥面铺装层耐久性研究

对各向异性钢桥面铺装层损伤破坏的调查表明,桥面板与纵向主梁及加劲肋连接处上方的铺装层表面易产生纵向裂纹。在一系列假设的基础上,通过简化模型分析了铺装层的这种破坏机理。分别从横隔板间距、钢板层厚度、铺装层厚度、加劲肋刚度及铺装层材料特性等方面对铺装层的耐久性进行了研究。