Incorporating the extended theory of planned behavior in a school travel mode choice model: a case study of Shaoxing,China

Travel to and from school can have social, economic, and environmental implications for students and their parents. Therefore, understanding school travel mode choice behavior is essential to find policy-oriented approaches to optimizing school travel mode share. Recent research suggests that psychological factors of parents play a significant role in school travel mode choice behavior and the Multiple Indicators and Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model has been used to test the effect of psychological constructs on mode choice behavior. However, little research has used a systematic framework of behavioral theory to organize these psychological factors and investigate their internal relationships. This paper proposes an extended theory of planned behavior (ETPB) to delve into the psychological factors caused by the effects of adults’ cognition and behavioral habits and explores the factors’ relationship paradigm. A theoretical framework of travel mode choice behavior for students in China is constructed. We established the MIMIC model that accommodates latent variables from ETPB. We found that not all the psychological latent variables have significant effects on school travel mode choice behavior, but habit can play an essential role. The results provide theoretical support for demand policies for school travel.     

论体育课中如何培养学生的终身体育意识

体育是学校教育的组成部分,学校体育又是学生终身体育的基础,运动兴趣的培养以及运动习惯与参与意识的形成是促进学生自主学习和终身坚持锻炼的前提。在全面贯彻教育方针,落实素质教育,以提高学生身心素质为根本宗旨的今天,如何体现学生的主体地位,充分发挥学生的学习积极性和学习潜能,提高学生终身体育意识。     

南京青奥会人文和教育精神对我国学校体育改革的影响

文章从南京青奥会的举办入手,论述了南京青奥会人文和教育精神对我国学校体育改革的影响,详细说明了南京青奥会对促进体育教育观念的转变,推进学校体育的全面改革,提高学校体育在实施素质教育和促进人的全面发展中地位与作用以及形成"大体育观"等方面的重要作用。     

关于体育气功若干理论问题的研究

气功作为一种养生保健的体育活动,被人们所熟知。但目前对气功的认识和管理都很混乱,文章对气功的几个主要问题进行了研究,认为应当制定练功操作规范和辅导、管理办法,以保证气功锻炼活动的有序进行。     

Continuous approximation models for mixed load school bus routing

School bus routing is a complex and expensive transportation problem for many public school districts. Typical school bus routes serve a single school, but mixed load school bus routes carry students for more than one school at the same time. A mixed load policy reduces the number of stops and distance to pick up and drop off children, but it can increase travel distance by visiting multiple schools. This paper provides a general strategic analysis using continuous approximation models to assess the conditions under which mixed loading is likely to be beneficial. We also present a case study for a semi-rural Missouri school district to illustrate the application of the models in practice. Results show that mixed load routing is more beneficial for larger districts, when a large percentage of bus stops are shared by students of different schools, and when schools are closer together.     

创造幽美的育人环境探索教学楼建筑的新模式

环境与人的关系是双向的，培养人的学校更是这样。作者以一个学校的校舍规划设计为例，说明作者对这一问题的理解，并依此做为设计的构思，使这个学校达到人创造环境，环境创造人这一目的。     

Reduction of capacity and projected costs associated with seat belt installation on school buses

This study examines the potential effects the installation of seat belts on school buses would have on the fleet capacity in Alabama and the resulting cost implications. The study also documents the myriad research studies and professional opinions offered on the potential safety effects of equipping school buses with safety restraints/seat belts. Four seat configurations for the school buses were analyzed. The first configuration represents the most common current bus seating configuration without seat belts, 3 seats on each side of the aisle and 12 rows (3/3-12). The physical space required for seat belt hardware may result in a loss of a row of seats and may reduce the number of students seated per row. Thus, three more configurations were studied: loss of a row of seats (3/3-11), loss of one seat per row (3/2-12), and loss of both a row of seats and a seat per row (3/2-11). The capacity for each configuration for each bus using current pupil loads was determined. The costs associated with installation of seat belts, and purchase and operation of new buses were obtained. Should school bus seat belts become mandatory in Alabama, the results obtained in this study can be used by any school system to determine the optimum configuration for their pupils, which will identify the number of additional buses that must be purchased by the school system. This study found that many of the buses that would become overloaded due to seat belt installation and the resultant loss of seating will be carrying only a few excess pupils. Transportation supervisors may be able to handle such overloads by transferring these pupils to other buses or by adjusting their bus routes to minimize purchase of new buses. Additional suggestions for handling bus overloads were offered in the body of this report.     

Intra-household bargaining for school trip accompaniment of children: A group decision approach

This paper tests a group decision-making model to examine the school travel behavior of students 6–18 years old in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan area. The school trip information of 1737 two-parent families with a student is extracted from Travel Behavior Inventory data collected by the Metropolitan Council between the Fall 2010 and Spring 2012. The model has four distinct characteristics including: (1) considering the student explicitly in the model, (2) allowing for bargaining or negotiation within households, (3) quantifying the intra-household interaction among family members, and (4) determining the decision weight function for household members. This framework also covers a household with three members, namely, a father, a mother, and a student, and unlike other studies it is not limited to dual-worker families. To test the hypotheses we build two models, each with and without the group-decision approach. The models are separately built for different age groups, namely students 6–12 and 12–18 years old. This study considers a wide range of variables such as work status of parents, age and gender of students, mode of travel, and distance to school. The findings of this study demonstrate that the elasticities of the two modeling approaches differ not only in the value, but in the sign in some cases. In 63% of the cases the unitary household model underestimates the results. More precisely, the elasticities of the unitary household model are as much as 2 times more than that of the group-decision model in 20% of cases. This is a direct consequence of model misspecification that misleads both long- and short-term policies where the intra-household bargaining and interaction is overlooked in travel behavior models.     

把握机遇,坚持发展——上海市城市建设工程学校“九五”改革发展回顾

本文介绍上海市城市建设工程学校的改革之路 :多元的办学形式和灵活的教育模式 ;适应行业发展需要开发专业机制 ;建立全过程、全方面的学生德育机制 ;发展校办企业 ,走产教结合的道路 ;广泛开展职后培训。由于学校坚持“规模、结构、质量、效益”协调发展 ,深化办学体制和教育教学改革 ,现已从单一中职教育转向以中职为主 ,积极发展高职和普职渗透 ;从数量扩大转向质量和效益的提高 ;从学历教育转向学历教育和非学历教育并举 ;从服务上海转向立足上海、服务周边地区和全国     

柯尔伯格道德教育模式对我国高校德育工作的启示

介绍了美国著名心理学家柯尔佰格的三水平六阶段理论关于道德的发展过程及实施的主要方法,针对我国德育教育低效的问题,提出我国高校德育教育模式要借鉴的方法,即:尊重人的品质发展规律,激发学生的内心需要。文章还对一些具体问题提出了建设性意见。