Biodynamic responses of seated pregnant subjects exposed to vertical vibrations in driving conditions

A pregnant woman's body is a very sophisticated dynamic system that is sensitive to whole-body vibrations in a sitting posture. While much effort has been devoted to vibration effects on non-pregnant seated persons, little research has been devoted to the biodynamic responses of seated pregnant women exposed to vertical vibrations, especially in driving conditions. In this study a thorough survey of lumped-parameter models for non-pregnant seated persons is implemented. According to the literature the mathematical models adequate for representing the increase in mass due to pregnancy are proposed and evaluated systematically. On the basis of an analytical study and experimental validation, the six-degree-of-freedom model modified from the non-linear model proposed by Muksian and Nash is recommended. In addition, the recommended pregnant model is further integrated with two-dimensional half-car and three-dimensional full-car models to assess the responses of pregnant drivers or passengers exposed to vertical vibrations due to road unevenness. It is believed that the study presented in this report provides a profound understanding of biodynamic responses of seated pregnant women and that it may offer vehicle engineers a good reference in the design of vehicle suspension systems.     

西安地区孕妇TORCH感染的血清学检测

自1994年3月～1996年3月，应用Elisa法，对1933例孕妇做了弓形体（TOX）、风疹病毒（RV）、巨细胞病毒（CMV）、单纯疤序病毒Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型（HSV1、HSV1）5种病原体血清特异性IgM、IgG抗体的检测。结果显示：孕妇血清中5种病原体特鼻性IgM抗体阳性率分别为3．41％、1．45％、5．54％、2．33％、1．86％；特异性IgG抗体阳性率分别为10.77％、88.50％、89.62％、82.09％、84.19％；孕妇TOX感染与其所在地区和职业有关；不同争期CMVIgM抗体阳性率有显著性差异；孕期CMV感染与异常妊娠可能有一定的关系。孕妇RV、HSV的易感因素有待进一步研究。孕妇TORCH感染的筛查对优生优育是非常有用的指标。     

胎儿生长发育与孕母动物蛋白摄入量关系的探讨

１１８４例初生儿体格生长发育与其孕母动物蛋白摄入量的调查显示，孕母平均蛋白入量（ｇ／月）城市为７８８ｇ，郊区为３３９ｇ，城区明显高于郊区；随孕母蛋白质入量的增加，初生儿的体重、身长、头围、胸围、上臂围及小腿围值也有所增长，两者呈低度到中度正相关，且城区高于郊区。说明胎儿的生长发育与孕母动物蛋白入量有密切关系。要提高儿童健康水平，必须从孕期做起，尽可能为孕母提供更多的动物蛋白，并使食品多样化。     

120例孕妇心理分析

对我院产前检查的１２０例健康孕妇进行了心理问卷调查，结果显示多数孕妇心理健康状况良好，认为生育是妇女的特权，因妊娠而心情愉快，全心期待执行优生优育政策而对胎儿性别无所谓，积极准备承担母亲角色。但有一些孕妇却存在不同程度的消极心理反应：忧虑、感情脆弱、依赖性强，为胎儿的健康与性别以及分娩痛苦而担心。针对目前孕妇的心理需求，提出了加强孕妇心理保健的措施。     

绝经对女性冠心病患者临床特征及危险因素的影响

目的探讨绝经对女性冠心病患者临床特征及危险因素的影响。方法选择2009年2月至2011年1月在我院经冠脉造影确诊的未绝经冠心病患者(29例);年龄相匹配的男性患者(31例);绝经后女性冠心病患者(67例),其中绝经时间≤5年者30例,绝经时间>5年者37例;健康绝经者(60例),其中绝经时间≤5年者30例,绝经时间>5年者30例进行对比分析。结果与男性比较,未绝经组糖代谢异常及有冠心病家族史明显高于男性组(P<0.05),且多数具有典型的心绞痛。绝经各组与未绝经组比较随着绝经时间的延长合并高血压者显著升高(P<0.01)。而合并糖代谢异常及有冠心病家族史者下降,同时表现为典型心绞痛者也明显下降(P<0.05)。冠状动脉病变女性以单支病变为主(P<0.05)。绝经后冠心病者较绝经≤5年健康组,雌二醇及孕酮水平均下降明显(P<0.05),随着绝经时间的延长雌二醇下降尤为明显,而绝经后的冠心病组间无差异。结论心血管危险因素、临床特征两性存在差异,绝经对女性冠心病患者心血管危险因素及冠状动脉病变有影响,雌孕激素水平下降可能是其原因之一。     

Biodynamic responses of seated pregnant subjects exposed to vertical vibrations in driving conditions

A pregnant woman's body is a very sophisticated dynamic system that is sensitive to whole-body vibrations in a sitting posture. While much effort has been devoted to vibration effects on non-pregnant seated persons, little research has been devoted to the biodynamic responses of seated pregnant women exposed to vertical vibrations, especially in driving conditions. In this study a thorough survey of lumped-parameter models for non-pregnant seated persons is implemented. According to the literature the mathematical models adequate for representing the increase in mass due to pregnancy are proposed and evaluated systematically. On the basis of an analytical study and experimental validation, the six-degree-of-freedom model modified from the non-linear model proposed by Muksian and Nash is recommended. In addition, the recommended pregnant model is further integrated with two-dimensional half-car and three-dimensional full-car models to assess the responses of pregnant drivers or passengers exposed to vertical vibrations due to road unevenness. It is believed that the study presented in this report provides a profound understanding of biodynamic responses of seated pregnant women and that it may offer vehicle engineers a good reference in the design of vehicle suspension systems.     

周至县1992年妇女围产保健情况调查

对周至县1992年分娩孕产妇进行了抽样调查。结果表明:在直接反映孕产妇围产期保健情况的几项主要指标中,除产前检查率、孕3月初检率、新法接生率达到全国农村围产期保健质量乙级标准和要求外,产后出血发生率、住院分娩率和产后访视率均未达到乙级标准;高危住院分娩率仅占22.22％;而且当出现严重合并症和并发症时,及时就诊率只占65.51％。但与该县1989年保健情况调查资料相比,产前检查率、产前检查≥3次率、新法接生率已有明显改善;但产后访视率、住院分娩率未有提高。本次定性调查还显示妇女自我保健意识差,封建思想仍很严重。     

雌激素受体基因多态性与陕西关中地区绝经后妇女骨密度的相关性

目的探讨雌激素受体(ER)基因多态性在陕西关中地区汉族绝经后妇女中的分布及其与骨密度的相关性。方法通过对1 200例陕西关中地区汉族绝经1-4年、年龄48-56(平均53)岁的妇女测定其不同部位的骨密度(BMD)值,并对每个样本测其血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)及尿Ⅰ型胶原交联N末端肽(NTX)水平,同时检测雌激素受体基因PvuⅡ、XbaⅠ位点的多态性,方差法分析ER基因多态性与骨密度的相关性。结果雌激素受体基因PvuⅡ酶切多态性位点的三种基因型间在股骨颈和Ward三角的BMD存在着显著性差异(P<0.001)。雌激素受体基因XbaⅠ酶切多态性与各检测指标无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论雌激素受体基因PvuⅡ多态性可能对陕西关中地区绝经后妇女股骨颈和Ward三角BMD有一定的影响,雌激素受体基因XbaⅠ基因型与骨密度间无明显相关性。     

蛋白琥珀酸铁间断疗法改善孕期铁营养状况的效果评价

目的　观察间断补充铁剂预防孕妇铁缺乏的疗效。方法　随机抽取孕妇 62名 ,采用蛋白琥珀酸铁 (菲普利 ) ,于孕 2 2～ 2 6周开始每四周补充 1 2 0 mg元素铁。于孕 2 2～ 2 6周、32～ 34周、37～ 39周检测血红蛋白 (Hb)、锌原卟啉 (ZPP)、血清铁蛋白 (SF)及红细胞内铁蛋白 (EF) ,与未预防组和正常对照组比较。结果　未预防性补铁的孕妇铁营养状况随月份增加而逐渐下降 ;预防组补铁后 Hb、SF、EF均显著升高 ,ZPP显著降低 ,且优于同期未预防组 ;这两组各期 SF、EF均明显低于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 5)。结论　孕妇从孕中期开始每四周一次补充蛋白琥珀酸铁(1 2 0 mg元素铁 ) ,可有效阻止铁储存量下降 ,对孕期铁缺乏的发生具有一定的预防作用     

莉丽·布里斯科——《到灯塔去》中的新女性

伍尔夫在《到灯塔去》中,通过对分别代表"房间里的天使"和"独立的自由女性"的拉姆齐夫人和莉丽·布里斯科两位女性形象的塑造,反映了与她同时代的女性莉丽在寻求自我和个性解放历程中的艰难与困惑:她不仅受到来自异性的压迫和歧视,而且也受到来自"房间里的天使"们的阻力.伍尔夫所追寻的理想的女性是独立的、不依附于男性而又与男性和谐相处的新女性.