Biologically induced modification of seawater viscosity in the Eastern English Channel during a Phaeocystis globosa spring bloom

To identify the potential relationship between Pheaocystis globosa bloom conditions and seawater properties, a hydrobiological survey was performed in the inshore waters of the Eastern English Channel over the course of the phytoplankton spring bloom. Chlorophyll concentration, auto- and hetero/mixotrophic composition of protists and standing stock, and seawater viscosity were measured weekly from March to June 2004. The decline of the bloom is characterized by a massive foam formation in the turbulent surf zone. Before foam formation, seawater viscosity significantly increased, showing a significant positive correlation with chlorophyll concentration. In contrast, after foam formation this correlation was negative, seawater viscosity kept increasing despite a sharp decrease in chlorophyll concentrations. No significant correlation has been found between seawater viscosity and the composition of the phytoplankton assemblages observed during the survey. However, significant positive correlations have been found between seawater viscosity and both the size and the abundance of P. globosa colonies. From the correlation patterns observed between chlorophyll concentration and seawater viscosity, we suggest that the rheological properties of seawater are mainly driven by extracellular materials associated with colony formation and maintenance rather than by cell composition and standing stock.     

汽车离合器从动盘扭转耐久试验中弹簧疲劳断裂的自动识别

对汽车离合器从动盘扭转耐久试验中弹簧断裂的自动识别技术进行研究，提出一种以弹簧刚度特性变化为识别特征的识别原理，进行了相关的分析计算；介绍了基于此原理的自动识别方案及测试过程，并给出实际运行结果。此技术提高了测试智能化水平。     

弹簧支吊架在FPSO高温管道中的应用

高温条件下管道热胀、冷缩和端点附加位移产生的位移载荷是造成管道应力过大和相连设备管口扭矩、反力过大的主要因素。合理设计管道走向和支架布置来增加管道系统柔性是减小管道热载、降低管道应力的主要途径。以机舱排烟管道系统为例,在CAESAR II中建立数值模型,分析了排烟管道的热胀载荷对管道的影响,比较了弹簧支架约束与刚性支架约束对高温排烟管道一次、二次应力的影响。研究发现,在高温管道中,弹簧支吊架不仅能增加管道系统的柔性,减小管道热应力,而且能降低管道对支架的约束载荷,减小管道所受的集中力。     

Ecophysiological growth characteristics and modeling of the onset of the spring bloom in the Baltic Sea

The onset of spring bloom in temperate areas is a transition period where the low productive, winter phytoplankton community is transformed into a high productive spring community. Downwelling irradiance, mixing depth and the ability of the phytoplankton community to utilize the light, are key parameters determining the timing of the onset of the spring bloom. Knowing these parameters would thus provide tools for modeling the spring bloom and enhance our knowledge of ecophysiological processes during this period.Our main objective with this study was to provide data for the growth characteristics of some key species forming the spring bloom in the Gulf of Finland, and to apply those results in a simple dynamic model for the onset of the spring bloom, in order to test if the timing of the spring bloom predicted by the models corresponds to field observations. We investigated the photosynthetic characteristics of three diatoms and two dinoflagellates (Chaetoceros wighamii, Melosira arctica, Thalassiosira baltica, Scrippsiella hangoei and Woloszynskia halophila), at low temperatures (4–5 °C). All of these species are common during spring bloom in the Baltic Sea.Cultures of these species were acclimated to different irradiance regimes prior to measurements of photosynthesis, respiration, pigment concentration and light absorption. We did not find a positive relationship between respiration and growth rate, and we hypothesize that this relationship, which is well established at higher temperatures, is negligible or absent at low temperatures (< 10 °C). Photosynthetic maximum (P_m), and maximum light utilization coefficient (α) was lowest and respiration (R) highest in the dinoflagellates.We made a model of the onset of the spring bloom in the western part of Gulf of Finland, using the obtained data together with monitoring data of mixing depth and water transparency from this area. Model results were compared to field observations of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration. There was a good agreement between the model predictions and the observed onset of the spring bloom for the diatoms. S. hangoei, however, was not able to reach positive production in the model, and W. halophila had the similar growth characteristics as S. hangoei. Consequently, these species must have other competition strategies enabling them to exist and grow during spring bloom.     

列车测速仪弹簧断裂的原因分析

地铁列车测速仪弹簧断裂现象比较频繁,严重影响列车在正线上的正常运行。详细分析了列车测速仪弹簧断裂的原因并提出了可行的改进方法。     

无锡地铁2号线轨道系统设计研究

无锡地铁2号线是一条东西走向的主干线路,穿越无锡市5个区,线路曲线半径小,坡度大。结合工程特点和调研分析,确定无锡地铁2号线轨道系统方案,内容涉及地下线、高架线及停车场和车辆段。重点介绍扣件选型、道床排水、各种减振类型、无缝线路等设计方案,通过分析不同轨道结构形式的技术性能、适用性,细化了各专业配合设计内容,提出技术优化方案。     

弹簧安全阀的常见故障及其处理

分析了中、低压锅炉及压力容器上弹簧安全阀的常见故障及产生原因 ,提出了相应的解决措施。实践证明这些措施是有效的     

地下建筑结构三维抗震简化计算方法研究

本文在理论分析的基础上,提出了地下建筑结构的三维抗震简化计算方法,研究了将地下结构平面模型的地震荷载和弹簧约束扩展应用于地下结构空间模型的具体实施方法,并建议了三维简化计算方法中法向和切向地基弹簧系数的数值计算方法。与三维有限元时程分析结果进行对比,验证了该方法的可靠性和适用性。三维抗震简化计算方法的提出,可以解决当空间地下建筑结构不能满足平面应变的假定条件时必须采用三维有限元时程分析进行抗震设计的问题。     

晋豫鲁铁路通道南吕梁山隧道水文地质条件研究

南吕梁山隧道修建关系到龙子祠泉域水环境的改变与否,可能影响临汾市的工农业用水问题。通过测区的水文地质的综合勘察与研究,基本查明了隧道通过区域的水文地质条件,特别是奥陶系灰岩饱水带水位与隧道洞身埋深的相对关系,详细论证了隧道修建对沿线居民用水及水环境的影响程度,明确了隧道与龙子祠泉域水环境的空间立体关系。     

春秋战国时期的国家和国际关系

关于春秋战国时期是否存在主权国家和国际关系的论争,一些学者已经发表相关的研究成果。笔者认为春秋时期是中国封建社会趋于崩溃的时期①,周王室的地位和诸侯国的性质已经开始发生变化;战国时期经过各诸侯国的法家改革和兼并战争,诸侯国实现向君主专制中央集权国家的转变。首先,春秋时期和战国时期的诸侯国的性质存在很大的差异：春秋时期的诸侯国并不具备独立主权国家的要素而属于分封制的地方行政单位,而战国时期的列国是独立的脱离地方行政单位性质的君主专制中央集权国家。其次,春秋战国时期的诸侯国之间关系与近代民族主权国家的关系存在很大的差别：春秋时期的诸侯国的争斗是封建割据而不是地区性的国际体系;战国时期是从封建割据状态向大一统国家过渡的阶段,即从局部统一走向最终统一的阶段。