沪昆高铁北盘江特大桥导风栏杆防风效果风洞试验研究

为满足列车在25 m/s风速下以设计速度350 km/h安全通过桥梁,以沪昆高铁北盘江特大桥为工程背景,研发一种桥梁防风装置—导风栏杆。每根导风栏杆由挡风面、导风角、通风孔、加强肋、安装孔构成,挡风面近似为一个扇形结构,上部有导风角,挡风面上部均布通风孔。每根导风栏杆以一定的间距排列,通过螺栓与下部预埋组件相连。通过风洞试验和风-车-桥耦合分析对导风栏杆进行防风效果验证。结果表明:导风栏杆的应用解决了列车在大风情况下的全速安全运行问题,同时提高了列车的乘坐舒适性。导风栏杆兼具挡风、导风、栏杆功能于一体,同时发挥了桥梁防风、行人安全防护的功能。大部分风通过带折角的倾斜导风叶片进行转向,减小了风荷载对导风栏杆的受力,同时减小主梁的受力。     

The use of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as a particulate tracer in the water column of Gaoping (Kaoping) Submarine Canyon

Time-series samples of settling particles were collected in the water column of Gaoping (formerly spelled Kaoping) Submarine Canyon (KPSC) with two sediment traps on taut-line moorings deployed at two different depths (60 and 280 m) between May 26 and June 27, 2004. Average total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations of upper and lower trap array samples were 310 ± 61 ng g^− 1 dw (range: 200–440) and 240 ± 36 ng g^− 1 dw (range: 180–290), respectively. Principal component analysis results suggest that PAH sources in the trap-collected particles included diesel vehicle/coal burning, diagenetic sources, and petroleum release. PAH downward fluxes based on settling particles were estimated to be 12–44 μg m^− 2 d^− 1. These values are higher than those reported in the literature for most coastal areas. During the sampling period, both traps were significantly tilted by tidal current and fluctuated vertically. The upper traps experienced greater vertical movements, thus their particle characteristics (e.g., POC, particle mass, and fine particle fraction) varied more than those of the lower traps. Hourly depth variations of the tilted sediment trap array were echoed by the corresponding total PAH concentrations. Moreover, the PAH composition of the collected particles was related to the flow direction and speed. These observations suggest that PAHs can be used as an effective chemical tracer for the transport of terrestrial and marine particulates in a complex aquatic environment like Gaoping (Kaoping) Submarine Canyon.     

山区峡谷大跨度铁路桥梁方案设计研究

瓮安至马场坪铁路北延伸线湘江特大桥为大跨度山区铁路桥梁.桥址处山高谷深,建桥条件复杂.综合考虑桥址地理环境、地质、施工便捷性和工程经济性等因素,研究并提出3种可行的桥式方案,通过对结构体系、结构尺寸、施工方法、计算指标、工程造价、施工工期等方面进行研究,推荐120 m+2×235 m+120 m跨径组合的刚构斜拉桥方案...     

南京地铁集庆门大街站接触网电分段方案比选

分析了南京地铁二号线一期工程集庆门大街站线路的特点,确定了集庆门大街站电分段设计的原则,继而对集庆门大街站可行的3个电分段方案进行了比选,并确定了最终方案.     

分层圆弧峡谷SV波地震差动模拟理论与桥梁破坏模式

为了探究局部地形及场地分层因素对地下多点地震动的影响，建立了分层圆弧峡谷模型，并进行了目标场地多点地震动模拟程序的开发和验证。在此基础上，对一跨越该场地的刚构桥进行了考虑多点激励作用下的地震反应分析。具体内容包括：首先，在推导得到SV波入射层状圆弧峡谷地震反应频域解基础上，依据规范谱确定矩阵的峡谷各位置自谱（绝对值），联合自谱和峡谷相干函数得到互谱，进而与自谱共同构造出功率谱矩阵。由此同时体现了峡谷局部场地三大典型物理效应：散射、相干和分层效应，奠定了SV波入射下层状峡谷多点地震动模拟的基础，填补了由于竖向边界条件难以满足而大多受限于SH波入射理论解研究的空白。其次，基于上述结果，编制代码和可视化开发，实现理论方法程序化，并验证其可行性和可靠性。最后，为研究SV波输入下分层和峡谷效应多点激励对结构的影响，针对一峡谷桥梁进行模型建立、修正、多点地震反应计算以及分析比较。结果表明：①分层效应对结构反应影响明显，传统均匀介质的假定所带来的影响不容忽视；②采用传统适用于平整场地多点地震动作为激励，会导致与峡谷地形多点地震反应差别明显，且会低估结构反应；③SV波斜入射多点激励下所产生地震动的空间变异性，会使得地震反应计算结果幅值出现明显增大现象。该理论方法、程序开发可供类似工程场地分析参考。     

建筑及装饰在桥梁设计中的应用——谈楚河汉街桥梁设计

介绍了武汉楚河汉街四座桥梁的设计,结合规划,周边环境进行了方案构思,从建筑美学、桥梁结构设计及桥梁装饰等方面阐述了桥梁的设计要点,论证了建筑学、桥梁工程及结构工程等多专业合作在景观桥梁设计上的重要性。     

The relationship between urban street networks and private motorized trips at the city level

There are factors that impact car usage in urban areas, such as density, diversity and design, but there have been few studies that examine the relationship between street network factors and car usage at the city level (macro level). This paper focuses on this relationship by introducing urban street network variables, such as blocks per area, nodes per block and length of roads and motorways, as independent variables and the percentage of daily trips by private motorized modes as the dependent variable. The street network in this study includes interconnecting lines and points that present streets, roads, motorways, intersections and blocks. The strength of the relationship in this study is found using multiple linear regression. The findings of this research indicate that an increase in car usage is correlated with an increasing number of blocks per area, number of nodes per block and length of motorways. In addition, because the urban street network is the result of macro-scale planning decisions, considering this relationship can lead to better planning decisions.     

对铁岭市银州路和广裕街交叉口改建工程的评价

重点从平面交叉口工程设计、交通安全设施、壮观和谐等三个方面对铁岭市银州路和广裕街平面交叉口工程进行评价。     

峡谷地形条件下铁路客专桥梁大体积砼施工质量控制技术

随着我国高速铁路建设进程的推进,为跨越沟谷而设置的高墩大跨桥梁也随之增多,在大型桥梁建设中,如何做好大体积砼的温控工作,防止砼由于内外温差过大而产生有害裂缝是施工中的关键技术问题.结合岔河特大桥峡谷地形条件下大体积砼施工,从砼配合比设计、砼的拌和运输、浇筑及养生等质量控制环节,采取合理的技术措施,同时对大体积砼采取保温保温的养护措施,有效控制了大体积砼有害裂缝的产生.     

山区峡谷桥址地形模型过渡段优化

针对山区峡谷桥址地形模型入口边界确定问题,以贵州省湘江特大桥桥址处地形为依托,选择维多辛斯基曲线作为地形模型过渡段的基本曲线形式,采用计算流体动力学方法对不同曲线参数进行计算,并结合关联度权重确定法确定最优过渡段曲线参数。在此基础上设计并制作了几何缩尺比为1：1 500的桥位地形模型,分别进行了有、无过渡段地形模型的风洞试验,对比了地形模型有、无过渡段对桥位桥面高度处横桥向风速、风攻角以及桥梁总长1/4跨、1/2跨、3/4跨风剖面的影响。过渡段曲线的二维数值模拟结果表明：采用最优过渡段可有效降低模型边界后方气流等效风攻角,并最大程度地保持入流风速,减小过渡段后湍流度;设置过渡段后风速场分布特性与入流参考风速场分布特性的一致性较好。地形模型风洞试验结果表明：曲线过渡段使风剖面逐渐抬升,气流过渡平缓,不存在明显的加速效应,剪切层发展较慢;设置过渡段后不同风剖面位置处平均风速较无过渡段时大,湍流强度较无过渡段时低;设置过渡段对桥梁主梁高度处风攻角存在一定的影响,但有、无过渡段时的风攻角变化趋势大致相同;采用优化后的过渡段使风剖面逐渐抬升,减小了"人为峭壁"对地形模型试验结果的影响,主梁高度处横桥向风速总体大于无过渡段时主梁高度处横桥向风速。